Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Hard

PT151 S1 P4 Q27 Explanation

Subduction Without Earthquakes

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsInferenceScience

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Passage

According to the generally accepted theory of plate tectonics, the earth’s crust consists of a dozen or so plates of solid rock moving across the mantle—the slightly fluid layer of rock between crust and core. Most earthquakes can then be explained as a result of the grinding of these plates against one answer—how can often intense subduction take place at certain locations with little or no seismic effect?

One group of scientists now proposes that the relative quiet of these zones is tied to the nature of the collision between the plates. In many seismic hot zones, the plates exhibit motion in opposite directions—that is, they collide because they are moving toward each other. And because the two plates are two sheets of sandpaper pressed together, these plates offer each other a great deal of resistance.

This proposal also provides a warning. It suggests that regions that were previously thought to be seismically innocuous—regions with low levels of subduction—may in fact be at a significant risk nature of the subduction taking place.

What this question is testing

Inference

Your task

Find what must be true based on what the passage or stimulus states.

Common trap

Answers that are plausible or likely but not actually guaranteed by the text.

Winning move

Keep only the choice the statements fully support — eliminate anything that requires an extra assumption.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
27.

Which one of the following statements regarding seismic activity can be inferred

Answer choices

  1. Opposite11% picked this

    Earthquakes are frequent in any zones where there is considerable motion of colliding plates in relation

    Considerable motion of plates relative to mantle is associated with fewer quakes. In the middle of the second paragraph, the sentence beginning with "But in this type of subduction" talks about the collision zone moving with comparatively high velocity, and this is in the quiet subduction zones.

  2. Too Strong7% picked this

    Earthquakes are equally likely to occur at any point along the plane of contact between

    We don't have any way to support such an extreme claim that all points of contact are equally likely to cause an earthquake.

  3. Opposite12% picked this

    Seismic quiet zones are at particular risk due to the very gradual accumulation of energy, which

    It's sort of an internal contradiction to say that "seismic quiet zones are at particular risk of seismic activity". Earthquakes are caused by "an enormous build-up of energy that is abruptly released", not a "very gradual build-up of energy which is released relatively infrequently".

  4. Too Strong: no, unless4% picked this

    No region can be identified as a subduction zone unless earthquakes

    This answer somewhat goes against the main theme of the passage, which is to talk about areas that are subduction zones but lack earthquakes. The final sentence of the first paragraph is saying, "how can you have these intense subduction zones when there are little to no earthquakes there?" "Subduction zone" means that plates are subducting, one of them is going under the other down into the mantle. Earthquakes may or may not happen when subduction occurs; it's based on how much friction is or isn't created by the angle of descent as one plate subducts into the mantle.

  5. Correct66% picked this

    Earthquakes are more likely to result where there is a large plane of contact between

    Why this is right

    Towards the end of the 2nd paragraph we switch back to talking about the areas where quakes are common: head-to-head collision, shallow angle, more friction. It says that the shallow angle of descent is "allowing for a much larger plane of contact between the two plates." In the middle of the 2nd paragraph, by contrast, when we're talking about the quiet zones, it says that "the steep descent of the overtaking plate ... reduces the amount of contact between the two plates, and the earthquake-producing friction is thereby reduced".

    Skill tested: Inference · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

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