Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Hard

PT149 S2 P1 Q5 Explanation

Chinatown Chinese

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsMeaning in ContextSociety

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Passage

The following passage is adapted from an article 1981.

Chinese is a language of many distinct dialects that are often mutually unintelligible. Some linguists have argued that a new dialect of Chinese has evolved in the United States, which is commonly used in the Chinatown section of San Francisco. The characterization of this “Chinatown Chinese” as a distinct dialect is based Chinese Americans in San Francisco so long as one is proficient in the uniquely Chinese-American terminologies.

Regarding the first claim, much of the distinctive vocabulary of Chinatown Chinese consists of proper names of geographical places and terms for things that some people, especially those born and raised in villages, had never encountered in China. Some are transliterated terms, such as dang-tang for “downtown.” Others are direct translations from their meaning can be inferred from the context. The supposed language barrier is, therefore, mostly imaginary.

The second claim—that the sharing of a uniquely Chinese-American vocabulary makes possible communication among Chinese Americans no matter what their basic dialect of Chinese may be—is a misleading oversimplification. While many Chinese-American speakers of other Chinese dialects have become familiar with Cantonese, now the most common dialect of Chinese spoken in the constitute only a minute percentage of each dialect and are generally peripheral to the core vocabulary.

What this question is testing

Meaning in Context

Your task

Pin down exactly what the question asks about the passage — a detail, the author's view, the structure, or the main point — before looking at the choices.

Common trap

Answers that restate a true detail from the passage but don't answer the specific question being asked.

Winning move

Anticipate the answer in your own words from the passage, then find the choice that matches that prediction.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
5.

When the passage refers to “transliterated terms” (second paragraph), the author most

Answer choices

  1. Correct65% picked this

    whose sounds and meanings have been directly incorporated into

    Why this is right

    This seems to accurately describe the way we get from "Downtown" in English to "dang-tang" in Chinatown Chinese. The meaning is the same, and the sound of the Chinese word is very similar to the sound of the English word.

    Skill tested: Meaning in Context · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  2. Too General13% picked this

    that name objects, places, and events that are part of

    The author follows the example of a "transliterated term" with an example of a "direct translation". Going from "downtown" to "dang-tang" is basically just taking an English word and making it sound/look a little more Chinese. Going from Labor Day to "gong-ngihn ngiht" is actually combining the Chinese word for Labor with the Chinese word for Day. Both of these examples involve taking a word that names a place or event that's part of the local experience of a Chinatown Chinese speaker. But one is a transliterated term and the other is a directly translated term. This answer would apply to both "dang-tang" and "gong-ngihn ngiht", so it's too general as a definition for "transliterated terms". It doesn't disambiguate transliterated from directly translated the way (A) does. "Gong-ngihn ngiht" doesn't sound like "Labor Day". It preserves the meaning, but not the sound.

  3. Contradicted: written same way6% picked this

    that are written in the same way in

    If "downtown" were written the same way, it would look like "downtown". The translation to "dang-tang" does not preserve appearance as much as it preserves sound.

  4. Contradicted15% picked this

    that are direct translations from another

    The following sentence provides an example of a direct translation. A direct translation of "downtown" would combine the Chinese word for "down" with the Chinese word for "town". Instead, "dang-tang" is basically just still saying the English word, but with a slightly more Chinese "accent" to it.

  5. Out of Scope1% picked this

    that sound different in different

    Out of Scope: different dialects Opposite: sound different The move from "downtown" to "dang-tang" is one in which two words sound very similar, even though they're in different languages (English vs. Chinese).

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