Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Hard

PT147 S2 P3 Q21 Explanation

Mesolithic Woodland Clearings

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsMeaning in ContextSociety

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Passage

It is generally accepted that woodland clearings were utilized by Mesolithic human populations (populations in Europe roughly 7,000 to 12,000 years ago) for food procurement. Whether there was deliberate removal of tree cover to attract grazing animals or whether naturally created clearings just afforded opportunistic hunting, the common view is that clearings preparation of animals for human consumption took place within or near such clearings is generally lacking.

Most of the evidence invoked in favor of the resource-procurement model for clearings comes from ethnography rather than archaeology, and principally from the recognition that some recent premodern populations used fire to increase grazing areas. But while some ethnographic evidence has been used to bolster the resource-procurement model, other ethnographic of why clearings may have been deliberately created and/or used.

Geographer Yi-Fu Tuan argues that right up through the modern era, human behavior has been driven by fear of the wilderness. While we might be tempted to see this kind of anxiety as a product of modern urban life, it is clear that such fears are also manifest in preliterate and nonurban view of the purpose and use of woodland clearings may change.

We have recently become aware of the importance of woodland paths in prehistory. The fact that Mesolithic human populations moved around the landscape is not a new idea. However, the fact that they may have done so along prescribed pathways has only recently come to the fore. I propose that one of fear of harm from wildlife or spirits, or of simply getting lost.

From this view an alternative hypothesis may be developed. First, paths become established and acquire a measure of long-term permanence. Then this permanence leads to concentration of activity in some areas (near the paths) rather than others (away from the paths). This allows us to legitimately consider wilderness as a motivating concept meet, wider clearings emerge as corners are cut and intersections become convenient spots for resting.

What this question is testing

Meaning in Context

Your task

Pin down exactly what the question asks about the passage — a detail, the author's view, the structure, or the main point — before looking at the choices.

Common trap

Answers that restate a true detail from the passage but don't answer the specific question being asked.

Winning move

Anticipate the answer in your own words from the passage, then find the choice that matches that prediction.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
21.

Which one of the following comes closest to capturing what the phrase “purely social phenomena” means in

Answer choices

  1. Correct56% picked this

    phenomena that arise as by-products of a society's

    Why this is right

    This is worded pretty ridiculously, but it is correct because it's saying "noneconomic". When the author said purely social, he was intending it as a rebuttal to the common view, which thought the clearings had an economic use.

    Skill tested: Meaning in Context · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  2. Too Strong: universal and unique3% picked this

    phenomena that are universal and unique to

    Does this answer contradict itself? How could something be universal and unique? This would have to mean "present in all human societies, but absent in all nonhuman societies". The author definitely wasn't saying something that strong. After all, he's selling the idea of a woodland clearing as a meet-up spot. It's very possible that chimpanzees (and many other animals) have meet-up spots.

  3. Weaker Match7% picked this

    phenomena that serve the purpose of strengthening ties between a

    Given that the author is suggesting that humans used these clearings as resting spots and meet-up spots, we might think, "Hey, I bet those kickbacks together strengthened ties between those people". But even if the clearings had some ancillary benefit of strengthening ties, that wasn't the purpose of them. They served the purpose of giving people a spot to rest or meet up, as they were walking their woodland paths. Also, this answer choice is only addressing the "social phenomena" part of the phrase, but the "purely social phenomena" is a crucial part of the intended meaning.

  4. Weaker Match32% picked this

    phenomena that are intentionally created by human actions to produce a

    First of all, this answer is inherently trappy, because if you asked someone to pick an answer about what "purely social phenomena" meant (without letting them read the passage), there's no way they would pick the correct answer and there's a very good chance they would pick this, because it says the word social again. Any time we're asked about the meaning or referent of a word/phrase, there's usually going to be a trap answer that just seems to offer the superficial dictionary definition, whereas the correct answer is testing a contextual meaning, so it will look different from the superficial one. This answer and (C) kind of cancel each other out, since they're both saying these clearings were intentionally serving the purpose of social benefit. The same reasons we gave for (C) apply to knocking out this one: - the author isn't suggesting the clearings were intentionally created to produce a social benefit. In fact, he seems to be suggesting that the clearings are naturally formed over time as "where paths meet, wider clearings emerge". - this doesn't capture the intended meaning of saying the clearings were purely social (they were not anything else)

  5. Out of Scope: reveal information2% picked this

    phenomena that reveal information about a society's cultural and

    The author never suggested that these clearings reveal information about a society's cultural or economic development. The author is saying "these clearings kinda just formed over time, because scared humans walked along paths, the paths converged at certain points, and expanded into wider clearings as humans cut corners from one path to another or as tired walkers decided that was a good spot to sit down and have a snack."

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