Logical ReasoningDifficulty: Medium

PT146 S2 Q18 Explanation

The consensus among astronomers,

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Logical Reasoning question.

TopicsRole

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Stimulus

The consensus among astronomers, based upon observations of the surfaces of pulsars, is that pulsars are spinning balls of neutrons compressed into a sphere some 10 kilometers in diameter with a mass roughly equal to that of our sun. However, their observed properties are also consistent with some pulsars actually being filled attract a layer of negatively charged particles that could support a crust of neutrons.

What this question is testing

Role

Your task

Break the argument into its conclusion and evidence, then do exactly what the question stem asks with that structure.

Common trap

Answers that sound relevant to the topic but don't connect to the argument's actual reasoning.

Winning move

Predict what a right answer must do, then test each choice against the conclusion-evidence gap.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
18.

The statement that the core of a quark-filled pulsar would have an overall positive charge plays which one of the following roles

Answer choices

  1. Correct73% picked this

    It helps explain how pulsars could have neutrons on their surface even if they were not entirely

    Why this is right

    This seems descriptively true. That final sentence is showing us how a quark-filled pulsar would still look from the outside like a ball of neutrons, because the outer crust would still be covered in neutrons.

    Skill tested: Role · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

  2. Opposite6% picked this

    It forms part of a challenge to the claim that some pulsars may be made

    The author isn't challenging the idea that some pulsars may be made up of quarks. The author is selling us on the idea that pulsars may be made up of quarks.

  3. Out of Scope: not readily recognized5% picked this

    It helps explain why some pulsars would not be readily recognized as

    This argument is never saying that sometimes a pulsar is observed by astronomers but they don't realize they're looking at a pulsar. This argument is saying, when astronomers observe a pulsar, they see that it's all neutrons on the outside, and so they assume it's just a big ball of neutrons, when it's possible that it's got something different inside (like quarks) and is just covered with an exterior shell of neutrons.

  4. Out of Scope: new finding15% picked this

    It presents a new finding that challenges the consensus view of the

    There are no new findings here. The author is just looking at the same observational data and saying, "Are we being hasty in assuming the entire pulsar is made up of neutrons? Maybe it's just the outer shell. Here's a causal story that seems possible, wherein the center is made up of quarks but then the positive charge of the quark-core gives way to an outer shell of neutrons."

  5. Wrong Role2% picked this

    It points out a problem with the view that pulsars have a mass roughly equal to

    At no point is the author pushing back on the theory that pulsars have a mass roughly equivalent to that of our sun. The author is only pushing back on the idea that a pulsar is entirely made of neutrons.

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