Logical ReasoningDifficulty: Medium

PT139 S4 Q15 Explanation

Linguist: You philosophers say

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Logical Reasoning question.

TopicsWeaken

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Stimulus

Linguist: You philosophers say that we linguists do not have a deep understanding of language, but no evidence.

Philosopher: Well, you have said that you believe that "Joan and Ivan are siblings" is identical in meaning to "Ivan and Joan are siblings." But this cannot be the case, for the sentences are physically different; identical, they must have all the same attributes.

What this question is testing

Weaken

Your task

Find the choice that makes the argument's conclusion less likely to be true.

Common trap

Answers that look negative but attack a claim the argument never relied on.

Winning move

Find the assumption the argument depends on, then pick the choice that undermines it.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
15.

Of the following, which one is the strongest logical counter that the linguist can make

Answer choices

  1. Unrelated to Goal6% picked this

    Two things can have a few minor differences and still

    This isn't speaking to our objection that the philosophers are analyzing whether or not two claims are identical, whereas we only said they were identical in meaning, not in all attributes. We're not trying to convince the philosopher that these two sentences are in fact identical; we're just trying to reiterate our original claim (untouched by his rebuttal) that these two sentences are in fact identical in meaning.

  2. Upside Down Ingredients9% picked this

    Two sentences can be identical physically, and yet, depending on the context in which they are uttered, not

    This has a great structure, but the ingredients are inverted from what they should be. We linguists are saying, "Two sentences can be non-identical physically, and yet still be identical in meaning."

  3. True vs. Identical in Meaning7% picked this

    It is necessarily true that Joan is Ivan's sibling if Ivan

    The philosophers were never debating whether claim 1 logically entails claim 2. That is a separate issue. The claim that "all lions are hairy" logically entails that "some lions are hairy", but that doesn't mean that they are physically identical or identical in meaning. So convincing the philosophers that one claim proves the other is not actually doing our intended job, which is convincing them that these two claims are identical in meaning.

  4. Correct78% picked this

    The issue is not whether the two sentences are completely identical, but whether they mean

    Why this is right

    This speaks to our objection that the philosophers took the conversation somewhere else. We only commented on whether two claims were identical in meaning, i.e. whether they mean the exact same thing. We never said they were the exact same sentence. We said the two sentences have the exact same meaning.

    Skill tested: Weaken · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

  5. Never Correct0% picked this

    A linguist has more experience with language than a philosopher, and so is in a better position

    Haha, this is a funny response, but there's no such thing as "logically countering them" by saying "you're wrong, because I'm the boss, and I said so". We have to engage with the philosopher's ideas, not disqualify them from speaking their ideas.

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