Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Medium

PT139 S2 P4 Q21 Explanation

Contingency Fees in Western Australia

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TopicsAnalogyLaw

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Passage

In October 1999, the Law Reform Commission of Western Australia (LRCWA) issued its report, “Review of the Civil and Criminal Justice System.” Buried within its 400 pages are several important recommendations for introducing contingency fees for lawyers’ services into the state of Western Australia. Contingency-fee agreements call for payment only if the lawyer’s risk of financial loss, such charges generally exceed regular fees.

Although there are various types of contingency-fee arrangements, the LRCWA has recommended that only one type be introduced: “uplift” fee arrangements, which in the case of a successful outcome require the client to pay the lawyer’s normal fee plus an agreed-upon additional percentage of that fee. This restriction is intended to prevent is financially unable to pay the fee in the event that sufficient damages are not awarded.

Unfortunately, under this recommendation, lawyers wishing to enter into an uplift fee arrangement would be forced to investigate not only the legal issues affecting any proposed litigation, but also the financial circumstances of the potential client and the probable cost of the litigation. This process would likely be onerous for a number may change as the case unfolds, such as strategies adopted by the opposing side.

In addition to being burdensome for lawyers, the proposal to make contingency-fee agreements available only to the least well-off clients would be unfair to other clients. This restriction would unjustly limit freedom of contract and would, in effect, make certain types of litigation inaccessible to middle-income people or even wealthy people who it is reasonable to assume that such arrangements increase lawyers’ diligence and commitment to their cases.

What this question is testing

Analogy

Your task

Pin down exactly what the question asks about the passage — a detail, the author's view, the structure, or the main point — before looking at the choices.

Common trap

Answers that restate a true detail from the passage but don't answer the specific question being asked.

Winning move

Anticipate the answer in your own words from the passage, then find the choice that matches that prediction.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
21.

As described in the passage, the uplift fee agreements that the LRCWA’s report recommends are most closely analogous to which one

Answer choices

  1. Bad Match: proportional to contributions5% picked this

    People who join together to share the costs of purchasing lottery tickets on a regular basis agree to share any eventual proceeds from a

    In an uplift fee contingency agreement, the client and the lawyer aren't contributing to the costs of a trial together, in different proportions. The lawyer is doing work for free and only getting paid if they win the case. The payout in the end isn't "proportional to contribution"; it's regular fee + agreed-upon bonus.

  2. Correct74% picked this

    A consulting firm reviews a company's operations. The consulting firm will receive payment only if it can substantially reduce the company's operating expenses, in

    Why this is right

    In an uplift fee contingency agreement, the lawyer is doing work for free and only getting paid if they are successful in winning the case. In this answer, the consultant is only getting paid if they are successful in reducing the company's expenses. The payout for the lawyer is their normal fee plus some agreed upon bonus (an additional percentage of that fee). The payout for the consultant is their normal fee plus 100% of their normal fee (that equals double their normal fee). It might seem like double is a bit excessive, but the passage seems to be suggesting that a lawyer would get their normal fee plus maybe a 30% bonus. But the passage doesn't get specific about what that percentage would be. The crucial point is that the bonus is an agreed upon amount ahead of time, and that the worker only gets paid if successful.

    Skill tested: Analogy · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  3. Bad Match: proportional to risk6% picked this

    The returns that accrue from the assumption of a large financial risk by members of a business partnership formed to develop and market a

    In an uplift fee contingency agreement, the client and the lawyer aren't subjecting themselves to different levels of financial risk. The lawyer is doing work for free and only getting paid if they win the case. The lawyer is the only one undergoing any financial risk. If they lose the case, they make no money for all the time they worked on that case. Since the lawyer is the one undertaking all the financial risk, according to this payout scheme of "the returns will be divided in proportion to the financial risk assumed", that would mean that the lawyer would get 100% of the payout. But we know that's exactly the sort of unfair share of the rewards that the LRCWA was trying to avoid. The payout in the end isn't "proportional to risk"; it's regular fee + agreed-upon bonus.

  4. Bad Match9% picked this

    The cost of an insurance policy is determined by reference to the likelihood and magnitude of an eventual loss covered by the insurance policy

    In this answer, someone is paying money for an insurance policy. In the event that something bad happens, they'll get some money back from the insurance company. But if nothing bad ever happens, then they'll just have paid the insurance company a bunch of money over the years. That's sort of the opposite of the uplift fee. The "customer" doesn't pay any money. The "company" (the lawyer) does all the work for free, unless something good happens (they win the case), at which point the company gets a bunch of money.

  5. Bad Match7% picked this

    A person purchasing a property receives a loan for the purchase from the seller. In order to reduce risk, the seller requires the buyer

    This doesn't involve hiring someone to perform a service for you, and paying them nothing unless they do a good job (in which case they get their normal fee plus a bonus). This is buying a tangible object (property) from someone, while also asking them to loan you the money to buy it, and then being asked to pay money to a 3rd party (the insurance company) to guarantee the loan.

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