Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Medium

PT136 S3 P4 Q26 Explanation

Philosophical Anarchism

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsLocal PurposeSociety

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Passage

Most people acknowledge that not all governments have a moral right to govern and that there are sometimes morally legitimate reasons for disobeying the law, as when a particular law prescribes behavior that is clearly immoral. It is also commonly supposed that such cases are special exceptions and that, in general, the do as they please without scruple. In fact, however, philosophical anarchism does not entail these claims.

First, the conclusion that no government is morally better than any other does not follow from the claim that nobody owes moral obedience to any government. Even if one denies that there is a moral obligation to follow the laws of any government, one can still evaluate the morality of the policies is perfectly consistent with philosophical anarchism to hold that governments vary widely in their moral stature.

Second, philosophical anarchists maintain that all individuals have basic, nonlegal moral duties to one another—duties not to harm others in their lives, liberty, health, or goods. Even if governmental laws have no moral force, individuals still have duties to refrain from those actions that constitute crimes in the majority of legal systems on the left is not inherently immoral, it is morally wrong to deliberately harm the innocent.

What this question is testing

Local Purpose

Your task

Identify why the author included the referenced detail at that point in the passage — its function, not its content.

Common trap

Answers that merely repeat or summarize the topic of the detail instead of describing the role it plays.

Winning move

Ask what job the detail does for the paragraph, then for the passage's broader point.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
26.

The author’s discussion of people’s positive moral duty to care for one another (last paragraph)

Answer choices

  1. Opposite1% picked this

    demonstrate that governmental efforts to help those in need

    The author implies in the following sentence that the interests of the moral and the government dovetail nicely when the government is expending efforts to help those in need.

  2. Strong: extremely rare1% picked this

    suggest that philosophical anarchists maintain that laws that foster the common good

    The preceding sentence makes it sound like there's plenty of overlap between the moral dictates of philosophical anarchism and those of most legal systems. We have no support for this extreme claim.

  3. Opposite: inconsistent6% picked this

    imply that the theoretical underpinnings of philosophical anarchism are inconsistent with certain widely

    At this point, the author is trying to make the point that philosophical anarchism is NOT telling us to run wild. To the contrary, it has a lot of familiar sounding moral principles (don't harm, don't murder, don't steal, be nice).

  4. Correct75% picked this

    indicate that philosophical anarchists recognize that people are subject to substantial

    Why this is right

    Not an easy answer choice to gravitate towards, but this is consonant with the overall point of this paragraph: "PA isn't saying act any which way you please. There's still plenty of moral instruction / guidance: don't harm, do good." The "moreover" is part of how to better like the support for this answer. The previous sentence covered the minimum we'd expect out of a moral system: don't harm others' life, liberty, health, or property. The "moreover" is the unexpected surprise: it's not just a list of shouldn'ts, there's also some shoulds.

    Skill tested: Local Purpose · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  5. Previous Sentence Trap17% picked this

    illustrate that people are morally obligated to refrain from those actions that are crimes in

    This is a trap answer that seems self-aware about the fact that usually these kinds of questions are testing the previous sentence. However, the sentence we're being asked about isn't an illustration of the previous point. It's an additional, separate point, indicated by moreover. Claim 1. For example, claim 2 = 2nd claim illustrated the 1st. Claim 1. Moreover, claim 2 = 1st and 2nd claims combine to make some larger point.

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