Logical Reasoning

PT134 · S3 · Q22 Science writer: Scientists' astounding

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Science writer: Scientists' astounding success rate with research problems they have been called upon to solve causes the public to believe falsely that science can solve any problem.

Facts

misconception - people think science can solve any problem (since scientists have been so successful solving the problems they have been called upon to solve)

reality - they're being very picky about what problems they take on, choosing only battles that they're more likely to win. Even when others assign them problems, they attack the "winnable" aspect of that problem.

Evaluation

The most common patterns on Most Supported are Causal and Comparison / Contrast thinking. This paragraph seems to have both.

There is a misconception vs. reality contrast happening, and it revolves around a Causal Difference-Maker. People think scientists can do almost anything because their % of success is so high.

This writer is telling us that the Causal Difference-Maker for their success isn't just inherent brilliance; instead, it's the fact that scientists can select which problems they want to try solving or can formulate problems assigned to them in a way that makes them feasible.

Goal

To state the Causal Difference-Maker more clearly, it might sound something like .

Or it might sound like the ol' "no causal difference-maker, no effect" answer you see on Most Supported (in LR and RC) -- if they didn't get to pick / formulate their own problems, you wouldn't see that high success rate.

22.

The science writer's statements, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?

  1. If a problem can be

    Illegal Opposite

    What we know is that if it can't be formulated feasibly, scientists usually won't be called upon to solve that problem.

    16% picked this

  2. Any problem a scientist can

    Too Strong

    Nothing in this paragraph is conditional or 100%, so we can't say that every single problem a scientist can solve can be formulated to make a scientific solution feasible. Maybe a scientist has a problem such as a crying 5 year old daughter, and he can solve that problem by hugging her and consoling her (that is not a problem being formulated in such a way as to make a scientific solution feasible). The gist of the paragraph was that If it's formulated scientifically feasibly, then scientists are amazingly successful at solving it. This is almost doing an illegal backwards version of that: If scientists are successful at solving, then formulated feasibly.

    16% picked this

  3. Correct

    Scientists would probably have a

    Why this is right

    This is the classic "If not Causal Difference-Maker, then not Effect" answer that we see on Most Supported in LR and RC. Since the paragraph is establishing that the the real reason that scientists have such a high success rate solving problems is that they get to pick their own problems or formulate problems assigned to them, we can reasonably say that "if they weren't getting to pick / formulate their own problems, then they wouldn't have as high a success rate". If X was the reason for Y, then it's not bulletproof to say "If X hadn't happened, Y wouldn't have happened", but it's highly supportable to say, "If X hadn't happened, then Y probably wouldn't have happened".

    Skill tested: Most Supported · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    54% picked this

  4. Most of the problems scientists

    Too Strong / Contradicted

    Do we know if 51% or more of the problems that scientists work on are ones that came from politicians / businesses? We were told that scientists typically (at least 51% of the time) select their own problems, so this answer seems contradicted.

    8% picked this

  5. The only reason for the

    Too Strong

    We should be nervous about saying something as strong as "the only reason" for their success. First of all, hard work and intelligence are also probably reasons for the success of scientists at solving problems. Secondly, even in the context of what's mentioned in this paragraph, there are two factors mentioned: - scientists pick their own problems or - scientists formulate the problems assigned to them in scientifically feasible ways

    7% picked this

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