Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Hard

PT133 S4 P3 Q16 Explanation

Ocean Floor Geologic Changes

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsMain PointScience

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Passage

Until the 1950s, most scientists believed that the geology of the ocean floor had remained essentially unchanged for many millions of years. But this idea became insupportable as new discoveries were made. First, scientists noticed that the ocean floor exhibited odd magnetic variations. Though unexpected, this was not entirely surprising, because it of the magnetite grains is “locked in,” recording the earth’s polarity at the time of cooling.

As more of the ocean floor was mapped, the magnetic variations revealed recognizable patterns, particularly in the area around the other great oceanic discovery of the 1950s: the global mid-ocean ridge, an immense submarine mountain range that winds its way around the earth much like the seams of a baseball. Alternating stripes oceanic crust. Over millions of years, this process, called ocean floor spreading, built the mid-ocean ridge.

This theory was supported by several lines of evidence. First, at or near the ridge crest, the rocks are very young, and they become progressively older away from the crest. Further, the youngest rocks all have normal polarity. Finally, because geophysicists had already determined the ages of continental volcanic rocks and, by is a remarkable correlation between the ages of the earth’s magnetic reversals and the striping pattern.

What this question is testing

Main Point

Your task

Capture the passage's overall primary point — the claim everything else supports.

Common trap

Answers that are true but too narrow (a single paragraph) or too broad (beyond the passage's scope).

Winning move

Summarize the whole passage in one sentence first, then match it to a choice.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
16.

Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main idea of

Answer choices

  1. Too Specific9% picked this

    In the 1950s, scientists refined their theories concerning the process by which the ocean floor was formed many

    Too Specific: in the 1950's Out of Scope: how ocean floor formed Most scientists believed the OLD idea until the 1950s, but the passage isn't precise with the timeline of when "new discoveries were made". More importantly, the passage is not talking about how the ocean floor was formed many millions of years ago. It's talking about the process by which the mid-ocean ridge was formed over the last few million years.

  2. Too Specific: basalt Contradicted: discovery19% picked this

    The discovery of basalt's magnetic properties in the 1950s led scientists to formulate a new theory to account for the magnetic

    Basalt played a very supporting role in this passage. There's no reason to elevate it to the headline, especially when we learned about other discoveries like the magnetic striping on the ocean floor that were just as important. Also the scientists didn't discover basalt's magnetic properties in the 1950s ... it was known that basalt contains magnetite, a strongly magnetic material.

  3. Correct66% picked this

    In the 1950s, two significant discoveries led to the transformation of scientific views about the

    Why this is right

    This sounds a lot like the language from the first two sentences. Two significant discoveries - ocean floor has odd magnetic variations (paragraph 1) - holy crap, there's a global mid-ocean ridge! (paragraph 2) Transformation of scientific views - old: geology of ocean floor hasn't changed for millions of years - new: geology has been continually changing via ocean floor spreading

    Skill tested: Main Point · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  4. Too Narrow1% picked this

    Local distortions to compass readings are caused, scientists have discovered, by magma that rises through weak zones in the ocean floor

    This is way, way, way too narrow. It's referring to a line in the first paragraph that was such an extraneous aside that they set it off with double dashes.

  5. Out of Scope5% picked this

    The discovery of the ocean floor's magnetic variations convinced scientists of the need to map the entire ocean floor, which in turn led to

    Out of Scope: convinced of need to map There was no causal relationship posed between discovering the magnetic variations on the ocean floor and the mapping of the ocean floor. This makes a very strong claim that discovering the variations convinced scientists of the need to map. That's enough to disqualify this answer, but it also fails to mention the headline of the whole passage: once we found the variations and the mid-ocean ridge, we realized the ocean floor has been spreading this whole time!

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