Logical Reasoning

PT131 · S1 · Q5 Landscape architect: If the screen

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Landscape architect: If the screen between these two areas is to be a hedge, that hedge must be of either hemlocks or Leyland cypress trees.

Evidence

If the screen between these Hedge → Hemlock or Leyland two areas is to be a hedge, that hedge must be of either hemlocks or Leyland cypress trees.

Leyland cypress trees ~Leyland cannot be grown this far north.

Conclusion

If the screen is to be a Hedge → Hemlock hedge, it will be a hemlock hedge.

Evaluate

This is a valid argument. The conclusion restates an if/then relationship taking into account that one of the two options in the “or” statement has been ruled out.

5.

In which one of the following is the pattern of reasoning most similar to that in the landscape architect's argument?

  1. If there is to be

    Wrong Premise / Wrong Conclusion

    Evidence If there is to be an entrance on NS → R the north side of the building, it will have to be approached by a ramp. A ramp would become ~R impossibly slippery in winter. Conclusion There will be no entrance on NS the north side.

    1% picked this

  2. If visitors are to travel

    Wrong Premise

    Evidence If visitors are to travel to this part A → PS of the site by automobile, there will be a need for parking spaces. No parking spaces are allowed D → ~PS for in the design. Conclusion If visitors are likely to come by A → ~D automobile, the design will be changed.

    2% picked this

  3. The subsoil in these five

    Wrong Premise

    Evidence The subsoil in these five acres EC or ES either consists entirely of clay or consists entirely of shale. Conclusion If one test hole in the area ~EC or ES reveals shale [not entirely clay], it will be clear that the entire five acres has a shale subsoil.

    2% picked this

  4. Correct

    Any path along this embankment

    Why this is right

    Evidence Any path along this embankment E →C or S must be either concrete or stone. A concrete path cannot be built ~C in this location. Conclusion If there is to be a path on the E → S embankment, it will be a stone path.

    Skill tested: Parallel · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    95% picked this

  5. A space the size of

    Wrong Premise / Wrong Conclusion / Wrong Validity

    Evidence A space the size of this meadow Playground or Picnic would be suitable for a playground U a picnic area. A playground would be noisy. Playground → N A picnic area would create litter. Picnic → L Conclusion It will be best for the area to ~Playground or ~Picnic remain a meadow [neither playground nor picnic].

    1% picked this

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