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Answer choices

1. A

   Bad Conclusion Match7% picked this

   Only on Fridays are employees allowed to dress casually. Today is Friday but Hector is dressed formally. So he must

   The conclusion in the original deals with one side of the conditional claim. The conclusion here is “not going to work”, which is not part of the conditional at all. That mismatch is enough to eliminate. The flaw here isn’t a reversal of logic but one of “Just because you’re allowed to dress causally doesn’t mean you have to dress casually. He could still go to work dressed formally.”

   7%
2. B

   Correct69% picked this

   Only music lovers take this class. Thus, since Hillary is not taking this class, she apparently

   Why this is right

   Take class → music lover. Hillary is not taking class. Thus, Hillary is not a music lover.

   Skill tested: Parallel Flaw · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

   69%
3. C

   Not a Flaw12% picked this

   Only oceanographers enjoy the Atlantic in midwinter. Thus, we may expect that Gerald does not enjoy the Atlantic in midwinter, since

   This is valid logic. If you enjoy the Atlantic midwinter, then you’re an oceanographer. Since Gerald is not an oceanographer, we can correctly infer that Gerald will not enjoy the Atlantic midwinter. Enjoy Atlantic midwinter → oceanographer. Gerald is not oceanographer. Thus, Gerald will not Enjoy Atlantic midwinter.

   12%
4. D

   Bad Validity Match2% picked this

   As this tree before us is a giant redwood, it follows that we must be in a northern latitude, since it is only in

   This is valid logic. If you find a giant redwood, then you must be in northern latitudes. Since we found a giant redwood, we can correctly infer that we must be in northern latitudes. Find giant redwood → northern latitudes. We found giant redwood. Thus, we are at northern latitudes.

   2%
5. E

   Weaker Premise Match Weaker Conclusion Match9% picked this

   Only accomplished mountain climbers can scale El Capitan. Thus, Michelle must be able to scale El Capitan, since she

   This is also flawed, also a Necessary vs. Sufficient error, but it doesn’t structurally resemble the original as much as B, because this plays off a reversal rather than a negation. To match the original even more closely, we would hear, “Since Michelle can’t scale El Capitan, she must not be an accomplished climber”. Original, and correct choice B: A → B. X is not A. Thus, X is not B. Choice E: A → B. X is B. Thus, X is A

   9%