Logical Reasoning

PT13 · S4 · Q3 Kim: Some people claim that

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Kim: Some people claim that the battery-powered electric car represents a potential solution to the problem of air pollution.

Conclusion (So)

Even if every gasoline-powered car on the road were replaced by an electric car, the result would at best be an exchange of one source of fossil-fuel pollution for another.

Intermediate Conclusion

Putting more electric cars on the road would require building more generating facilities.

Evidence (Since)

Current generating facilities are operating at maximum capacity.

Recharging batteries takes electricity, and most of our electricity comes from burning polluting fossil fuels.

Evaluate

Older tests have this Main Point variation on Main Conclusion questions. We can approach them fundamentally the same way, but most Main Point questions involve an implicit conclusion, usually a rebuttal conclusion that was never said out loud, or an answer to a rhetorical question that was posed.

This definitely starts off like we're headed to Rebuttalsville, USA. We get an Attribution that . From just that moment, we'd already start suspecting that our author's implicit conclusion is going to be , and then we'd anticipate a Pivot + Pushback.

The word "But" signals that Kim is about to push back, and everything after it builds the rebuttal. Recharging runs on electricity, electricity comes mostly from fossil fuels, and more electric cars would mean more fossil-fuel plants. The final sentence, indicated by "So," is where all of that lands: swapping gas cars for electric cars just moves the pollution from tailpipes to power plants.

The last sentence does seem to work as an explicit conclusion, and it's more or less a restatement of our prediction, that electric cars won't solve the pollution problem.

Goal

Look for a paraphrase of the final sentence, or one shooting down the initial attribution, like .

3.

The main point made in Kim’s argument is that

  1. replacing gasoline-powered cars with battery-

    Intermediate Conclusion

    Kim does say that replacing gas cars with electric cars would require more generating facilities, and that claim gets its own support from the point about current capacity. But it is a stepping stone. Kim needs it in order to reach the final sentence about exchanging one pollution source for another. A claim that exists to support another claim is not the main conclusion.

    6% picked this

  2. a significant reduction in air

    Out of Scope

    This is a strong and out of scope idea. Kim never mentions how much people drive. We're just looking for a paraphrase of the final sentence or a rejection of the original claim that "electric cars represent a solution to air pollution".

    0% picked this

  3. all forms of automobile transportation

    Too Strong

    This is a crazy extreme claim that was never said. The argument is only comparing gas powered automobiles to electric powered automobiles (there might be other forms of automobile transportation). And the author never says they're equally harmful, just that they're both sources of fossil-fuel pollution.

    13% picked this

  4. Correct

    battery-powered electric cars are not

    Why this is right

    This has the Implicit Rebuttal Conclusion flavor that's very typical on Main Point questions. It takes the original claim that the author is rebutting and flips its lightswitch from "is a potential solution" to "not a viable solution". And if we were otherwise just trying to find the best paraphrase for the final sentence, this would still be our best available.

    Skill tested: Main Conclusion · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    81% picked this

  5. gasoline-powered cars will probably remain

    Out of Scope

    Kim makes no prediction about what cars people will drive in the future. This is trying to bait us into thinking of what idea the author would say after her actual conclusion. i.e. "Since electric cars don't actually solve the pollution problem (the actual conclusion), that probably means that gas-powered cars will probably remain the standard (the imaginary next idea). "

    0% picked this

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