Logical Reasoning

PT127 · S1 · Q23 Columnist: Even if the primary

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Columnist: Even if the primary purpose of university education is to make students employable, such education should emphasize the liberal arts rather than the more narrow kind of technical training that prepares one for a particular sort of job.

Conclusion (should = opinion)

University education should emphasize the liberal arts rather than the more narrow kind of technical training that prepares one for a particular sort of job.

Evidence (this is because)

The reasoning skills one acquires from a liberal arts education allow one to adapt to new intellectual challenges and thus to perform jobs for which one has received no specialized training.

Evaluate

How would an opponent push back at this argument and argue that we shouldn't emphasize liberal arts?

Maybe he would say that the primary purpose of university education is to make students employable, and they're much more employable if they have a narrow kind of technical training.

He could argue that most jobs don't need people who can adapt to new intellectual challenges; they need people with narrow technical expertise.

Goal

To strengthen the argument we could try to rule out one of these objections (saying that there are lots of jobs that value an employee who can adapt to new intellectual challenges).

However, there is also a broader Net Gain / Loss issue at play in this argument. Whenever an author's conclusion is making a recommendation, they're implicitly saying

So we could also strengthen the argument by hearing of any other benefit we would get by emphasizing liberal arts over technical training (or at least by ruling out a negative).

23.

Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the columnist's argument?

  1. It is better for people

    Unclear Impact: good education

    Were we told that a "liberal education" is more of a good education than is technical training? No. Is it a common sense thing we all know that liberal education is better education than technical training? Again, no. People might respectfully disagree about which one, if either, is better. So stressing that it's better to have good education doesn't help us move towards "we should emphasize liberal arts rather than technical training", because we have no common sense (or passage-provided) link from liberal arts to good education.

    1% picked this

  2. Many people with narrow technical

    No Impact

    This is such a weakly worded idea that it's unlikely to be a correct answer on any Impact question like Strengthen / Weaken / Paradox / Principle-Strengthen / Sufficient Assumption. "Many" doesn't have a precise definition but something like "at least five" works. So this answer is just saying "at least 5 people with narrow technical training manage to find jobs". Okay ... I'm sure we assumed that many people with technical training and many people with liberal arts education manage to find jobs. This certainly doesn't give us any way to argue that we should emphasize liberal arts rather than technical training.

    1% picked this

  3. Having a series of different

    Unclear Impact: series of jobs

    This is attaching a positive to "having a series of different jobs". Do we know whether "having a series of different jobs" is attached to liberal arts vs. technical training? We don't, nor is there a strong common sense knowledge that one type of education is more associated than the other with having a series of different jobs. So stressing that it's better to have a series of different jobs rather than only one job doesn't help us support that "we should emphasize liberal arts rather than technical training", because we have no common sense (or passage-provided) link from liberal arts to "more likely to have a series of different jobs". The passage only suggests that a person with liberal arts education would theoretically be able to work a lot of different jobs, since they have the tools to perform jobs for which they've received no specialized training. But that just means they're capable of getting hired a bunch of different places. It doesn't mean they're going to frequently leave the job they're at for a new one.

    1% picked this

  4. Having a general understanding of

    Unclear Impact: understanding of life

    This is attaching a positive to "general understanding of life". Were we told that a "liberal education" is more likely to confer a general understanding of life than technical training is? No, we only heard that liberal arts gives you reasoning skills that allow you to adapt to new intellectual challenges. So hearing that it's better to have understanding of life than to have practical skills doesn't help us with the conclusion of "it's better to emphasize liberal arts than technical training", because we don't have any means of saying that liberal arts provide a better general understanding of life than technical training does. This is kind of a mean trap answer in the sense that in the real world liberal arts education is often touted as producing more "well-rounded" graduates (which might connote that they have a better understanding of life). But this answer is just saying "it's better to have a general understanding of life than to possess practical skills". However, it would be even better to possess, both, right? Do we really think that people whose college education emphasizes technical training don't have a general understanding of life? Of course not. We all have a general understanding of life by the time we're 12 or 13, probably.

    8% picked this

  5. Correct

    Technical training does not help

    Why this is right

    This answer is essentially just establishing a difference that the author is assuming. If technical training also helped students acquire reasoning skills, an opponent might say to the author, "Sure ... reasoning skills that allow you to adapt to new intellectual challenges are great. Technical training also provides those. So, what, exactly is your argument for why we should emphasize liberal arts?" In order for the author to think that the reasoning skills we get from liberal arts are a compelling-enough reason that we should therefore emphasize liberal arts, she must be assuming that liberal arts education is better than technical training when it comes to imparting reasoning skills. And this answer helps cement the truth of that assumption by saying, "Yo, technical training doesn't give students reasoning skills at all!"

    Skill tested: Strengthen · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    89% picked this

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