If one has evidence that

Answer choices

1. A

   Weak Trigger Match8% picked this

   A country’s leaders realized that fostering diplomatic ties with antagonistic nations reduces the chances of war with those nations. Because those leaders worried that

   1. have evidence X will benefit others We kind of have this - they "realized that X would reduce chance of war with those nations". 2. do X to benefit others We definitely don't have this - their reason for action is that "they're worried that war would harm their chance of being reelected". So they'd be doing X for selfish reasons. We can eliminate.

   8%
2. B

   Bad Outcome Match1% picked this

   A government study concluded that a proposed bureaucratic procedure would allow people to register their cars without waiting in line. The government adopted the

   1. have evidence X will benefit others Yes - a study concluded "X would allow people to register w/o waiting in line" 2. do X to benefit others Yes - "adopted the procedure for this reason" 3. X helps others No - it says "it was not successful"

   1%
3. C

   Correct75% picked this

   Betsy overheard a heating contractor say that regularly changing the filter in a furnace helps to keep the furnace efficient. So Betsy has regularly

   Why this is right

   1. have evidence X will benefit others Yes? - she heard a heating contractor say "doing X helps to keep the furnace efficient". 2. do X to benefit others Yes? Betsy is presumably changing her daughter's furnace filter to benefit her daughter. The connector "So" helps to convey that "hearing that this would make the furnace be more efficient" is the reason that "Betsy is doing this action". 3. X helps others Yes - doing this action has benefited the daughter, in the sense that the daughter's furnace has never needed maintenance. This answer strikes me as somewhat lacking, since it's not explicit in establishing that the mom is changing filters for the daughter's benefit, but it's a highly plausible common sense interpretation. Similarly, the outcome is a furnace that has required maintenance due to clogging. That's a weak match for the idea of "benefiting others", but again it makes plausible common sense that it benefits you if your furnace doesn't require maintenance.

   Skill tested: Principle-Conform · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

   75%
4. D

   Bad Outcome Match7% picked this

   Sejal learned in a psychology class that the best way to help someone overcome an addiction is to confront that person. So she confronted

   1. have evidence X will benefit others Yes - he learned in class that "doing X is the best way to help someone with an addiction". 2. do X to benefit others Yes? They never say that Sejal is confronting Bob in order to help him with his addiction, but the correct answer doesn't spell that out either, so we'd probably be able to use common sense here to say, Yes, she is doing this for his benefit. 3. X helps others No - we hear nothing about whether or not the action ended up helping Bob.

   7%
5. E

   Bad Trigger Match9% picked this

   Zachary hoped that psychotherapy could help his parents overcome their marital difficulties. He persuaded his parents to call a psychotherapist, and

   1. have evidence X will benefit others Nope - It's just Zach's hope. We can stop reading here. 2. do X to benefit others Yes? Implicitly Zach is helping his parents (there might be more of an element of selfish-interest here since kids generally want their parents to stay together, but we could use the same common sense standard as we did on (C) and (D) and say Yes to this). 3. X helps others Yes - their problems were resolved. #1 is enough to tank this. Not only is Zach relying on hope, not evidence, but there's also a looseness when it comes to the action that resulted in benefit. Zach's action was persuading his parents to call a therapist. Did he have evidence that persuading his parents to call a therapist would benefit them? Definitely not.

   9%