Thurgood Marshall

Answer choices

1. A

   Unsupported Comparison: motivations changed2% picked this

   The ideological motivations for Marshall’s work with the NAACP changed during his tenure on the

   We aren't even told about Marshall's ideological motivations for working with the NAACP (presumably they were to advanced the civil rights of African Americans). We're only talking about the strategic methods he used and how those changed.

   2%
2. B

   Correct79% picked this

   Marshall declined to pursue some cases that were in keeping with the NAACP’s goals but whose plaintiffs’ likely impression on the public

   Why this is right

   The passage highlights that one of the tactics that helped Marshall is that when was trying to prove a certain point to a judge/jury, he would try to find a client that was likely to be looked upon favorably by the judge/jury. The fact that Marshall carefully selected cases with "sympathetic" litigants implies that he was considering options and thinking, "No, not him. He has a criminal record, so the judge/jury probably won't identify with him. Not him; he doesn't have any close friends or family and so he doesn't seem like a regular member of the community. Ooh! Yes, this guy! The judge/jury will already be rooting for this guy; he volunteers for the PTA and looks like a respectable businessman. They will be more affected by the injustice of his case, since he will remind them more of themselves." If you said you were really picky about which matches on Bumble you decided to have a coffee date with, it would imply that you had some matches that you ended up rejecting and not ever going on a date with.

   Skill tested: Inference · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

   79%
3. C

   Out of Scope: initially opposed4% picked this

   Marshall’s tactics were initially opposed by some other members of the NAACP who favored a

   Nothing in the passage suggests any friction between Marshall and the NAACP in the early going of their working relationship. We just hear that "he and the NAACP developed innovations that forever changed the landscape".

   4%
4. D

   Unsupported Comparison: relied more / more likely4% picked this

   Marshall relied more on expert testimony in lower courts, whose judges were more likely than higher court judges to

   In the third paragraph, it mentions that Marshall used sociological and psychological statistics, presented in expert testimony. It doesn't indicate whether this was lower courts, higher courts, or both. And it doesn't indicate that judges in one court vs. another would be more likely to give weight to statistical evidence.

   4%
5. E

   Out of Scope11% picked this

   Marshall’s colleagues at the NAACP subsequently revised his methods and extended their applications to areas of law and politics beyond those

   Out of Scope: revised methods / areas beyond It never says that Marshall or the NAACP revised these methods or applied them to originally unintended applications. It just says "public interest law firms" have widely adopted their methods, devoting them to various public purposes.

   11%