Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Hard

PT124 S4 P4 Q23 Explanation

Cyclamen Mites

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TopicsApplicationScience

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Passage

Sometimes there is no more effective means of controlling an agricultural pest than giving free rein to its natural predators. A case in point is the cyclamen mite, a pest whose population can be effectively controlled by a predatory mite of the genus Typhlodromus. Cyclamen mites infest strawberry plants; they typically establish year, rapidly subdue the cyclamen mite populations, and keep them from reaching significantly damaging levels.

Typhlodromus owes its effectiveness as a predator to several factors in addition to its voracious appetite. Its population can increase as rapidly as that of its prey. Both species reproduce by parthenogenesis—a mode of reproduction in which unfertilized eggs develop into fertile females. Cyclamen mites lay three eggs per day over the the seasonal rises and falls of its prey, are common among predators that control prey populations.

Greenhouse experiments have verified the importance of Typhlodromus predation for keeping cyclamen mites in check. One group of strawberry plants was stocked with both predator and prey mites; a second group was kept predator-free by regular application of parathion, an insecticide that kills the predatory species but does not affect the cyclamen with Typhlodromus, but their infestation attained significantly damaging proportions on predator-free plants.

Applying parathion in this instance is a clear case in which using a pesticide would do far more harm than good to an agricultural enterprise. The results were similar in field plantings of strawberries, where cyclamen mites also reached damaging levels when predators were eliminated by parathion, but they did not attain were about 25 times more abundant in the absence of predators than in their presence.

What this question is testing

Application

Your task

Pin down exactly what the question asks about the passage — a detail, the author's view, the structure, or the main point — before looking at the choices.

Common trap

Answers that restate a true detail from the passage but don't answer the specific question being asked.

Winning move

Anticipate the answer in your own words from the passage, then find the choice that matches that prediction.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
23.

Suppose that pesticide X drastically slows the reproductive rate of cyclamen mites and has no other direct effect on cyclamen mites or Typhlodromus. Based on the information in

Answer choices

  1. Correct46% picked this

    In both treated and untreated plots inhabited by both Typhlodromus and cyclamen mites, the latter would

    Why this is right

    In both plots, Typhlodromus would be able to do its thang, since parathion is no longer present to kill it. What is Typhlo's thang? Controlling the population of cyclamen mites. In the treated plants, Typhlo would have much less work cut out for it, though, since pesticide X by itself would control the cyclamens by drastically reducing the reproductive growth of the cyclamens.

    Skill tested: Application · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  2. Unsupported Comparison: substantially lower6% picked this

    Cyclamen mite populations in all treated plots from which Typhlodromus was absent would have been substantially lower than in untreated plots inhabited

    We have no reason to think that cyclamens would be substantially lower in treated vs. untreated plots, since untreated plots would have Unsupported Comparison controlling the cyclamens and the treated plots would have Pesticide X controlling the cyclamens. They might not be identically effective, but there's no reason to think they're substantially different.

  3. Contradicted:25% picked this

    In the treated plots, slowed reproduction in cyclamen mites would have led to a loss of reproductive synchrony

    The middle/end of 2nd paragraph tells us that the reproductory rate of Typhlodromus would also slow down since it is responsive to reductions in cyclamen populations.

  4. Bad Match: 2nd Half11% picked this

    In the treated plots, Typhlodromus populations would have decreased temporarily and would

    We do think that the <i>Typhlodromus</i> population would decrease in response to the massive slowing of cyclamens reproduction, but we have no reason to think that the <i>Typhlodromus</i> population would eventually come back, because it only returns if cyclamen returns.

  5. Trap12% picked this

    In the treated plots, cyclamen mite populations would have reached significantly damaging levels more slowly, but would have remained at those levels

    Unsupported Comparison "slower to damage / longer at damaging levels" From the first paragraph we know that Unsupported Comparison "rapidly subdue the cyclamen populations, keeping them from reaching significant damage", and from the question stem we know that Pesticide X drastically slows down the cyclamens population growth. That's it. We can't rank the relative speed at with cyclamens would reach damaging levels, since both descriptions sound similar and sound as though cyclamens might not ever reach damaging levels. We're even less equipped to judge how long cyclamen populations would remain at damaging levels.

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