Many successful graphic designers began

Answer choices

1. A

   Illegal Negation9% picked this

   All graphic designers who are unsuccessful have ignored the wishes of

   The final sentence provides this conditional: successful designer → do not ignore wishes This answer illegally negates both sides: unsuccessful designer → do ignore wishes

   9%
2. B

   Correct69% picked this

   Not all formally trained graphic designers ignore

   Why this is right

   We always translate from negative to positive with "not all". Not all A's are B = Some A's are ~B So this answer is saying Some formally trained GD's do not ignore We can definitely derive this very weak claim. We know there's at least one formally trained graphic designer who doesn't ignore their clients' wishes, because some formally trained graphic designers are successful. And no one ever became successful ignoring their clients' wishes. Some FORMAL are successful TRAINED + if successful, don't ignore - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Some FORMAL don't ignore TRAINED

   Skill tested: Must be True · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

   69%
3. C

   Relative vs. Absolute14% picked this

   The more attentive a graphic designer is to a client’s wishes, the more likely the designer

   We had a conditional rule that said if successful, then don't ignore client's wishes That is yes/no, on/off logic, which we call Absolute language. This answer choice is switching over into Relative more/less, up/down language. We know that "no lawyer ever practiced law who failed the bar exam", which means, "if you're a lawyer, then you didn't fail the bar exam". We can't derive from that claim that, "The higher you scored on the bar exam, the more likely you are to be a lawyer".

   14%
4. D

   Too Strong: no7% picked this

   No graphic designers who learn their trade on the job will

   This makes a conditional connection: Learned trade on job → won't ignore wishes But "learned trade on job" wasn't part of any conditional claim. It was just "a significant number of people who learned on the job". We don't anything that's true of "every single person who has learned their trade on the job". Another way to think about why this answer is wrong is that we could only derive this answer if we knew that "All graphic designers who learn their trade on the job are successful". Since we don't know that, we can't derive this answer.

   7%
5. E

   Relative vs. Absolute: most1% picked this

   The most successful graphic designers learn their trade on

   All three claims only refer to the concept of successful in absolute language. We can talk about whether or not someone is successful. We don't have any language that lets us talk about someone being more successful than anyone else. So we can't derive anything about who is most successful.

   1%