Logical Reasoning

PT120 · S4 · Q15 People who have doctorates in

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People who have doctorates in the liberal arts are interested in improving their intellects.

Conclusion (as a result)

Companies rarely hire people who have doctorates in liberal arts.

Evidence

Companies rarely hire people who are not concerned with the financial gain you can achieve by hard work in business.

People with doctorates in the liberal arts are interested in improving their intellects.

Evaluate

On Sufficient Assumption, we have to mathematically prove the words/ideas in the conclusion, so we always start by asking ourselves, "is there a New Idea in the conclusion?"

In this conclusion, there was nothing new, because both "companies rarely hire" and "people with doctorates in liberal arts" were both defined in the evidence.

That means that we're missing an internal link in the evidence.

Sentences have naming parts and telling parts:

NAMING PART TELLING PART Joe is a real jerk. The color of money resembles that of peas. People who like flan talk about flan constantly.

People with doctorates are rarely hired in liberal arts by companies

We can think about the conclusion as a big conveyor belt of logic we're trying to build, to get from the naming part to the telling part.

We scan the evidence to see what ideas we have.

People with interested in doctorates in → improve liberal arts intellects

People not want rarely financial gain of → hired by hard business work companies

We're just missing an internal link

Interested in People not want improve → financial gain intellects of hard biz work

to build our conclusion's logic conveyor belt:

People with rarely doctorates in ---------------> hired by liberal Arts companies

Goal

So we're looking for that missing internal link:

No matter what, we know that in order to prove "Companies rarely hire Dr. Libs", we need to know that .

15.

The conclusion of the argument follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?

  1. Companies would hire people with

    Opposite Logic

    We were told don't have interest rarely in the financial gain get hired And this is just flipping that idea do have interest will in the financial gain get hired? We won't have proven the conclusion until we know that Dr. Liberal Arts doesn't have concern with financial gain. This answer doesn't establish that.

    12% picked this

  2. Some people who are interested

    Too Weak

    This is headed towards where we want to go, but since Sufficient Assumption wants a 100% proven conclusion, we need to know (all) doctorates in the liberal arts do not care about money (that can be gained by hard work in business).

    8% picked this

  3. The only people not interested

    Reversed Logic

    "The only" is a sufficient indicator (unlike "only" and "only if", which are way more frequently used, and necessary indicators). This is saying not interested in → interested in making business money improving intellects We wanted the reverse of that. We know that Dr. Lib Arts is interested in improving intellects. We want an answer that allows us to then say that Dr. Lib Arts is not interested in making biz money. But this answer doesn't do that. We can't read the arrow backwards.

    20% picked this

  4. People with doctorates in the

    Out of Scope: interest in employment

    Sufficient Assumption correct answers almost never introduce new language into the conversation. We were never talking about who was / wasn't interested in employment. If we knew that Dr. Lib Arts was not interested in business employment, that would strengthen (though not prove) the idea that companies rarely hire Dr. Lib Arts. This answer actually goes the opposite direction, so it almost weakens. But more importantly, it's not giving us the clear trigger we need: it doesn't give us a way to say that people with doctorates in liberal arts are not concerned with the financial gain of the business world.

    3% picked this

  5. Correct

    Only people not concerned with

    Why this is right

    "Only" and "Only if" are necessary indicators, so "people not concerned" goes to the right of the arrow. interested in not concerned with improving intellects → making $ in biz world This is what we predicted. Here's a look at how the correct answer adds onto the evidence to derive the conclusion. Prem1: ppl with Dr's in LA are interested in improving intellect. This answer: ppl interested in improving intellect are not concerned with making money in the business world. Inference: ppl with Dr's in LA are not concerned with making money in the business world. Prem 2: companies rarely hire people not concerned with making money in the business world. Conc: so companies rarely hire people with Dr's in LA

    Skill tested: Sufficient Assumption · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    57% picked this

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