Logical Reasoning

PT120 · S4 · Q11 Historian: One traditional childrearing practice

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Logical Reasoning question.

  • Save & drill this skill build targeted practice sets from questions like this one

  • Video walkthroughs watch every question solved step by step

  • 81 official LSATs as questions, timed sections & full-length tests

Historian: One traditional childrearing practice in the nineteenth century was to make a child who misbehaved sit alone outside.

Statements

In the 1800's, people would make children who misbehaved sit alone outside.

Passersby would be thinking, "Look at that kid who misbehaved."

Nowadays, many child psychologists would say that this was a dumb punishment, since it hurts the kid's self-esteem, which makes them less confident as adults.

pivot (however)

Adults who were raised with the "sit outside" tradition grew up just as confident as adults who weren't raised with that tradition.

Evaluate

This is a pretty loose paragraph of historical facts and opinions. It doesn't suggest any conditional logic / mathematical thinking.

But we do have a Pivot word before the final sentence. Usually, when an Inference question prefaces that final claim with a pivot word, the correct answer represents a safely worded way of Reconciling the Pivot idea with what came before it.

What came directly before the pivot was, . But, after the pivot, it seems like we're hearing that this idea is wrong!

After all, whether you were forced to sit outside or not, you grew up to have the same level of confidence as adults.

Does that mean the psychologists were wrong to think that "sit outside" doesn't really damage self-esteem, or wrong to think that damage to self-esteem makes kids less confident as adults? Or were they right about all that, and the kids who weren't told to sit outside grow up to be just as confident because their upbringing had some other tradition that chipped away at their self-esteem and confidence?

Goal

It's really too hard to know how reconcile the pivot idea with what came before it, so we just want to look for the most supportable answer we can find.

11.

Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the historian's statements?

  1. The beliefs of many present-day

    Too Strong: are incorrect

    If we softened this to "may be incorrect" it's way safer. This answer is choosing one possible way of reconciling the 3rd and 4th sentences, but there are other possible ways (such as maybe they were right about the consequences of losing self-esteem but they were wrong to think that making a kid sit outside alone would damage their self-esteem). So we shouldn't sound so certain that psychologists were wrong about this thing.

    14% picked this

  2. Some of the most confident

    Out of Scope: most / least

    We only hear that on average kids raised under the traditional practice end up about as confident as those not raised under that practice. We can't say anything more specific than that, like whether some of the most confident and least confident were among the traditional practice.

    16% picked this

  3. With the traditional childrearing practice,

    Unsupported: incorrect inference

    To support this we just need one example in which a passerby assumed the kid sitting alone outside had misbehaved, but the kid had not misbehaved. But we have nothing like that to go off of.

    3% picked this

  4. The most confident adults are

    Out of Scope: most / highest

    We hear that many psychologists think that damage to self-esteem makes one less confident as an adult. But we can't take that supposed causal connection and then extrapolate something about the superlative levels of confidence and self-esteem. More than one thing can affect our confidence and self-esteem as adults, so it's possible that the most confident adults aren't also the people with the highest self-esteem. I can say "getting parking tickets makes someone less rich", but that doesn't mean "The richest people are those who have gotten the fewest parking tickets".

    3% picked this

  5. Correct

    If children’s loss of self-esteem

    Why this is right

    This is similar but superior to (A), because it deals with possible ways to reconcile the pivot tension between the 3rd and 4th sentences. The psychologists were saying: Traditional ? loss of self ? loss of confidence practice esteem as adults It doesn't seem like the traditional practice led to less confident adults, so is that because the 1st causal link is wrong or because the 2nd causal link is wrong? This answer is staying agnostic about which one is wrong, but it's assuming that at least one of them is wrong. It's saying, "If that 2nd link is correct, then the 1st link is wrong". By contrapositive, "If the 1st link is correct, then that 2nd link is wrong". 2nd ? ~1st 1st ? ~2nd That means "at least one of these links is wrong".

    Skill tested: Must be True · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    64% picked this

Continue the review in LSAT Lab

Save this question, watch the video walkthrough, and drill similar questions in your LSAT Lab account.

LSAT Lab

Turn this review into a targeted study plan.

Save this question, drill more like it, watch the video walkthrough, and track your progress in your LSAT Lab account.

Start practicing free