Anne: Halley’s Comet, now in a part of its orbit relatively far from the Sun, recently flared brightly enough to be seen by telescope.
Anne's Conclusion (so)
The recent super-bright flare of Halley's Comet so far from the sun must be very unusual.
Anne's Evidence
No comet has ever been observed by telescope so far from the Sun before.
Sue's Conclusion
Nonsense. The super-bright flare isn't necessarily unusual.
Sue's Evidence
Usually we wouldn't be looking in that direction (so we have no idea how rare or common such flares are that distance from the Sun). We just happened to be watching Halley's Comet on its whole trip in and out of our Solar System, so we saw it flare it up.
Evaluate
In the vernacular of Method questions, we usually think about whether the argument ever did one of these things: - analogy - bad implications - (counter)example to general - calls out dubious assumption - raises overlooked consideration - makes a definition / distinction - suggests alternate explanation - rules out other options
This one felt like a "raises overlooked consideration / alternate explanation" one. Sue is saying,
Goal
Look for something that matches.