Logical Reasoning

PT117 · S2 · Q7 Increases in the occurrence of hearing

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Increases in the occurrence of hearing loss among teenagers are due in part to their listening to loud music through stereo headphones.

Conclusion

Adopting the recommendation (that headphone manufacturers offer a style of headphones that automatically turns off when a dangerous level of loudness is reached) would not significantly reduce the occurrence of hearing loss in teenagers.

Evidence

Almost all teenagers buy their own headphones.

Evaluate

The author seems to think,

How do we know? Why should we believe that teenagers aren't smart enough and responsible enough to care about their long-term hearing? Maybe they would embrace the chance to have their max volume be a safe volume.

Additionally, maybe we could make these Hearing-Protection headphones "cool", so that even if teenagers don't want to buy them for the hearing protection, they want to buy them for some other reason and we still then end up saving the teens' hearing.

Goal

Since this is Strengthen, we either want to rule out one of these objections - -

or to affirm an assumption - "teenagers wouldn't buy these headphones"

or to add more evidence to the conclusion -

7.

Which one of the following, if true, provides the most support for the argument?

  1. Loud music is most dangerous

    Weakens, if anything

    We could agree with the author and argue that this recommendation is going to fail to significantly reduce hearing loss in teenagers, because "even if this did make headphones more safe, the real big source of hearing loss is _____ ." But this answer is stopping that line of attack. It's saying, "Nope. Headphones really are the #1 threat. Thus, making headphones less dangerous could have a significant effect on the hearing loss problem."

    2% picked this

  2. No other cause of hearing

    Weakens

    This is just (A) on steroids. Both of them are making it clear that if we're trying to make a significant difference on hearing loss for teenagers, the most important thing to address is their headphones. The author, meanwhile, is saying "this thing you want to do to make headphones safer isn't going to make a significant different".

    6% picked this

  3. Parents of teenagers generally do

    Out of Scope: Parents' volume level

    We don't care about parents' listening behaviors, in terms of whether they listen to music at dangerous levels. We only care about teenagers, since the conclusion is only about what effect the recommendation could have on teens' hearing. If an answer said that "Parents listen to music at a loud volume, and their children copy that behavior", that could start to make it more relevant, but this is just about parents, and we have no common sense way of assuming that teenagers do / don't copy their parents in this regard.

    1% picked this

  4. Correct

    Teenagers who now listen to

    Why this is right

    This affirms the author's assumption that "teenagers would not wanna buy these volume-limiting headphones". It also rules out the objection that, "maybe teenagers care a lot about avoiding hearing loss". Nope, this answer says. They know about the risks, and they still choose to subject their hearing to loud levels of music.

    Skill tested: Strengthen · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    90% picked this

  5. A few headphone manufacturers already

    No Impact

    The author's conclusion is hypothetical --- "making this type of headphones available would not have [a certain effect]". This answer is saying, in reality some companies are planning to make these headphones. That doesn't have any impact on the author's conclusion. Once these are on the market and we can see whether teenagers are buying them / using them, then this could help us judge the conclusion, but "we plan to make X" doesn't tell us anything about whether "X will / won't have a significant effect on Y".

    2% picked this

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