Logical Reasoning

PT116 · S3 · Q21 Each of the many people

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Each of the many people who participated in the town’s annual spring cleanup received a community recognition certificate.

Statements

conditional (each), quantifier (at least some)

Participated in town's → Received comm spring cleanup recog. certificate

Some spring cleanup are not active in town's participants artistic circles

embedded assumption (because X, Y)

Not being part of ⇢ not active in town's downtown arts fair artistic circles

Evaluate

Of the three claims, the conditional is the one that should be our first priority. Whenever we get a conditional claim in Must Be True or Most Supported, we ask ourselves: 1. could I chain this up with other conditionals? 2. could I apply this rule to any specific facts?

We don't get any other conditionals here, but do we have any facts that apply to the conditional's trigger, or contrapositive trigger?

i.e., were we told about anyone who participated in the spring cleanup? Were we told about anyone who didn't receive a community recognition certificate?

Yes, we were told about some spring cleanup participants. We're told that some of them aren't active in the town's artistic circles. According to the conditional, we know they also received a community recognition certificate.

They aren't active in the town's artistic circles, but they received a community recognition certificate. That is probably what the correct answer will be saying. When we see Must Be True question bust our quantifiers (some, most, each, all, none), the inference we are most often being tested on is our ability to derive some Trait Overlap.

Some B's are A + All A's are C -------------------------- Some B's are C

Here they gave us these two claims

Some NAAC are SCP + All SCP are RCRC ---------------------------------------- Some NAAC are RCRC

(NAAC = not active artistic circles, SCP = spring cleanup participant, RCRC = received community recognition certificate)

Goal

Look for the Trait Overlap inference that "not active in artistic circles" and "received community recognition certificate" overlap at least once, or look for any other answer we can derive from the available facts.

21.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must be true?

  1. Some of the persons who

    Out of Scope: active in circles

    The paragraph didn't provide any information about people who are active in the town's artistic circles, so we can't derive any fact about them. It's somewhat suggested that people who attended the downtown arts fair are active in the town's artistic circles, but we were never told that people who attended the arts fair received any certificate.

    8% picked this

  2. Correct

    Not all of those who

    Why this is right

    Whenever we see negative formulations (no, few, not all), we convert them into their positive equivalents. No A's are B = All A's are ~B Few A's are B = Most A's are ~B Not all A's are B = Some A's are ~B So this answer is saying, "Some of those who received community recognition certificates are not active in the town's artistic circles". Yes, that's what we predicted. We know that some people who were at the spring cleanup are not active in the town's artistic circles, and we know that everyone at the spring cleanup received a certificate. So we can derive that some people not active in artistic circles received the certificate. Or, if you prefer, formally: Some NAAC are SCP + All SCP are RCRC ---------------------------------------- Some NAAC are RCRC (NAAC = not active artistic circles, SCP = spring cleanup participant, RCRC = received community recognition certificate)

    Skill tested: Must be True · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    72% picked this

  3. No participants in the downtown

    Illegal Negation

    We have no means of proving that anyone didn't receive a certificate. We were only provided a rule that allows us to derive that someone did receive a certificate: attended spring cleanup ? rec'd certificate This answer is trying to bait people into thinking via this illegal negation: participated ? not attended ? not received in arts fair spring cleanup certificate

    12% picked this

  4. No person who received a

    Illegal Reversal

    This is a double negative, which implies a positive. "None of my friends have not seen the new Spiderman" means that "All of my friends have seen the new Spiderman". So this is saying, "All people who received a certificate have participated in the spring cleanup." That would just be illegally reversing the conditional we were given: attended spring cleanup ? rec'd certificate This answer is trying to bait people into thinking via this illegal reversal: rec'd certificate ? attended spring cleanup

    9% picked this

  5. Persons who are active in

    Out of Scope: town's environment

    This concept of "concern for the town's environment" is wholly new and thus could not be derived from the existing text.

    0% picked this

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