Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Hard

PT115 S1 P3 Q20 Explanation

Haraway’s Primate Visions

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsLocal PurposeScience

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Passage

Donna Haraway’s Primate Visions is the most ambitious book on the history of science yet written from a feminist perspective, embracing not only the scientific construction of gender but also the interplay of race, class, and colonial and postcolonial culture with the “Western” construction of the very concept of nature itself. Primatology for scientists’ conscious and unconscious projections of their beliefs about nature and culture.

Haraway’s most radical departure is to challenge the traditional disjunction between the active knower (scientist/historian) and the passive object (nature/history). In Haraway’s view, the desire to understand nature, whether in order to tame it or to preserve it as a place of wild innocence, is based on a troublingly masculinist and colonialist agents cannot be reduced to a single, coherent reality—there are necessarily only multiple, interlinked, partial realities.

This iconoclastic view is reflected in Haraway’s unorthodox writing style. Haraway does not weave the many different elements of her work into one unified, overarching Story of Primatology; they remain distinct voices that will not succumb to a master narrative. This fragmented approach to historiography is familiar enough in historiographical theorizing but history, whether strictly narrative or narrative with emphasis on a causal argument.

Haraway is equally innovative in the way she incorporates broad cultural issues into her analysis. Despite decades of rhetoric from historians of science about the need to unite issues deemed “internal” to science (scientific theory and practice) and those considered “external” to it (social issues, structures, and beliefs), that dichotomy has proven one must shed a great many assumptions about what properly belongs to the study of science.

What this question is testing

Local Purpose

Your task

Identify why the author included the referenced detail at that point in the passage — its function, not its content.

Common trap

Answers that merely repeat or summarize the topic of the detail instead of describing the role it plays.

Winning move

Ask what job the detail does for the paragraph, then for the passage's broader point.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
20.

The author uses the term “rhetoric” in the last paragraph most probably in order to do which one

Answer choices

  1. Dictionary Trap2% picked this

    underscore the importance of clear and effective writing in

    The scholastic subject of Rhetoric is a class in "clear and effective writing" (or speaking), so this answer is just trying to get people to pick whatever definition they have in their heads of the word rhetoric. The beginning of the last paragraph is discussing the rarity of finding broad cultural issues within scientific analysis. It has nothing to do with "clear and effective writing".

  2. Unrelated to Goal1% picked this

    highlight the need for historians of science to study modes

    This answer is also leaning on the definition of "rhetoric" as "effective, persuasive arguments". Our author never stressed that historians need to study modes of language. The actual contextual usage of rhetoric was purely about the notion of incorporating broad cultural issues into scientific analysis.

  3. Correct53% picked this

    emphasize the fact that historians of science have been unable to put innovative

    Why this is right

    Like most correct answers on Local Purpose, this reinforces language from the preceding sentence. Haraway was innovative because she finally did the thing that historians only talked about doing for decades -- uniting scientific analysis with broader social/cultural issues. The use of "rhetoric" in the 2nd sentence of that last paragraph is almost a sarcastic eyeroll ... "Despite years of rhetoric about fiscal discipline, the conservative party granted a huge tax break to the rich even though the economy was in a huge expansion that had not yet slowed down." Despite talking about incorporating broad cultural issues for decades, historians before Haraway haven't been able to do it (that dichotomy has proven difficult to set aside).

    Skill tested: Local Purpose · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  4. Unrelated to Goal Opposite, if anything31% picked this

    criticize the excessive concern for form over content in the writings of

    Just like (B), this answer leans on the definition of "rhetoric" as "the study of arguments". Our author never criticized historians for being excessively concerned with form. The actual contextual usage of rhetoric was purely about the notion of incorporating broad cultural issues into scientific analysis. The decades of rhetoric were concerned about content! They were saying stuff like, "We should stop excluding external content, such as social issues / structures / beliefs, from our scientific analysis".

  5. Not Describing Haraway13% picked this

    characterize the writing style and analytical approach employed

    The use of rhetoric is describing historians of science, not Haraway. It's saying, unlike Haraway, they have only provided rhetoric when it comes to incorporating broad cultural issues into scientific analysis.

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