Reading Comprehension

PT115 · S1 · P1 · Q5 Industrial Ecosystem

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By the year 2030, the Earth’s population is expected to increase to 10 billion; ideally, all would enjoy standards of living equivalent to those of present-day industrial democracies.

Topic

The challenge of sustaining Earth's rising population with current resource use and the proposed shift to a more sustainable, integrated "industrial ecosystem."

Framework

Problem / Solution

Main Point

To support 10 billion people at current consumption rates would quickly exhaust resources and create unsustainable waste, so we should rethink industrial practices and move toward an integrated industrial ecosystem that recycles and reuses materials more like nature does. (Most Valuable Sentence: The entire second paragraph outlines the solution and begins with )

P1: Setting up the Problem - Resource and Waste Concerns

Earth's population could soon hit 10 billion, but if everyone consumes resources and produces waste at today's industrialized levels, we would quickly run out of vital materials and bury our cities under massive piles of garbage.

P2: Proposing a Solution - Shift to an Industrial Ecosystem

The author isn’t predicting doom, but pointing out that we need incentives for recycling and a new model for industry: transforming from a one-way system that produces waste to a closed-loop "industrial ecosystem" where waste from one process becomes input for another.

P3: Explaining the Industrial Ecosystem and Early Moves Toward It

In an ideal industrial ecosystem, resources would cycle through different uses indefinitely, like nutrients in nature. Some manufacturers are already designing waste that can directly re-enter production, which reduces the need for new raw materials and lowers pollution.

5.

Of the following, which one is the best example of the use of "designed offal" (third sentence of the third paragraph) as it is defined in the passage?

  1. A paper container manufacturer purchases

    Bad Match for Step 1

    We want 1. A company who produces waste from some manufacturing process 2. They feed that waste directly back into that process or a related one. This company is cleverly using recycled newspaper for some other manufacturing need (#2), but the recycled newspaper wasn't waste from their manufacturing process. This company purchased recycled newspaper from someone else, and it's unlikely that even for that company that recycled newspaper was waste from a manufacturing process.

    6% picked this

  2. A demolition company strips brass

    Bad Match for Step 1

    We want 1. A company who produces waste from some manufacturing process 2. They feed that waste directly back into that process or a related one. Again, we have a company cleverly repurposing someone else's junk, which sounds like (#2). But the brass fixtures that are stripped and repurposed are not designed offal, because the brass fixtures were not waste from a manufacturing process. They were actual brass fixtures out there in the world, being used in a building. Like (A), this is talking about recycling a material that will otherwise be trash in some productive way. But "designed offal" is the idea that a company has some assembly line manufacturing process, and it has a waste product like heat, or sodium chloride, or salt, or scraps of leather, etc. And then they tweak that assembly line machine intentionally in a way that allows that waste product to be re-used.

    2% picked this

  3. A steel company buys metal

    Bad Match for Step 1

    We want 1. A company who produces waste from some manufacturing process 2. They feed that waste directly back into that process or a related one. Again, we have a company cleverly repurposing some abandoned / obsolete / already used product. That's kind of the spirit behind #2. But the metal being fed into some other manufacturing process was not waste from this steel company's manufacturing processes. They bought this metal from a scrap dealer.

    12% picked this

  4. Correct

    An automobile manufacturer turns the

    Why this is right

    We want 1. A company who produces waste from some manufacturing process 2. They feed that waste directly back into that process or a related one. This car manufacturer has manufacturing process for its auto body panels. That process gives off some plastic waste. But the manufacturer uses that waste as insulation for its doors (a related process).

    Skill tested: Application · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

    73% picked this

  5. A plastic company receives recycled

    Bad Match for Step 1

    This is just like (A). We want 1. A company who produces waste from some manufacturing process 2. They feed that waste directly back into that process or a related one. This company is cleverly using recycled beverage containers for some other manufacturing need (#2), but the recycled beverage container wasn't waste from their manufacturing process. This company received recycled beverage containers from someone else; they didn't have "recycled beverage containers" as one a form of waste that came from one of their manufacturing processes.

    6% picked this

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