Reading Comprehension

PT115 · S1 · P1 · Q1 Industrial Ecosystem

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By the year 2030, the Earth’s population is expected to increase to 10 billion; ideally, all would enjoy standards of living equivalent to those of present-day industrial democracies.

Topic

The challenge of sustaining Earth's rising population with current resource use and the proposed shift to a more sustainable, integrated "industrial ecosystem."

Framework

Problem / Solution

Main Point

To support 10 billion people at current consumption rates would quickly exhaust resources and create unsustainable waste, so we should rethink industrial practices and move toward an integrated industrial ecosystem that recycles and reuses materials more like nature does. (Most Valuable Sentence: The entire second paragraph outlines the solution and begins with )

P1: Setting up the Problem - Resource and Waste Concerns

Earth's population could soon hit 10 billion, but if everyone consumes resources and produces waste at today's industrialized levels, we would quickly run out of vital materials and bury our cities under massive piles of garbage.

P2: Proposing a Solution - Shift to an Industrial Ecosystem

The author isn’t predicting doom, but pointing out that we need incentives for recycling and a new model for industry: transforming from a one-way system that produces waste to a closed-loop "industrial ecosystem" where waste from one process becomes input for another.

P3: Explaining the Industrial Ecosystem and Early Moves Toward It

In an ideal industrial ecosystem, resources would cycle through different uses indefinitely, like nutrients in nature. Some manufacturers are already designing waste that can directly re-enter production, which reduces the need for new raw materials and lowers pollution.

1.

According to the passage, which one of the following is currently an obstacle to the implementation of an ideal industrial ecosystem?

  1. the unwillingness of manufacturers to

    Unrelated to Goal: unwillingness

    We're looking for "current technology is often inadequate", but this answer is talking about whether manufacturers are willing to change their practices.

    10% picked this

  2. the unwillingness of industrialized countries

    Unrelated to Goal: unwillingness

    We're looking for "current technology is often inadequate", but this answer is talking about whether countries are willing to reduce their standards of living.

    3% picked this

  3. the unwillingness of developing nations

    Unrelated to Goal: unwillingness

    We're looking for "current technology is often inadequate", but this answer is talking about whether nations are willing to adopt new technologies. The passage was saying that the technology it would take to make an ideal industrial ecosystem isn't currently available. This answer is implying that it's available but countries are unwilling to adopt it.

    17% picked this

  4. Correct

    the inability of technology to

    Why this is right

    This is definitely the most enticing on a first pass, because we were looking for "the obstacle is that we don't currently have the technology to do it". This is the only answer saying, "we don't have the technology / the current technology isn't able to do what we want". But the curious part of this answer for some of us might be the "profitable use for every by-product". We thought we were looking for the idea that technology wasn't able to take the wastes (by-product) from one process and make it the raw material for another. Is that the same as "profitable use for every by-product"? Let's research our qualms. In the beginning of the 3rd paragraph, the other spot where the passage says 'ideal industrial ecosystem", they define such an ecosystem as one "in which there is an economically viable role for every product of a manufacturing process". "Profitable" and "economically viable" are essentially synonyms. And "every product of a process" includes the by-products. So we can live this this answer basically saying, "current technology is unable to give us what the ideal industrial ecosystem is supposed to have".

    Skill tested: Locate Detail · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

    68% picked this

  5. the failure of the industrial

    Unrelated to Goal: quantities of goods

    We're looking for "current technology is often inadequate to the task of getting the waste products from one manufacturing process to be the raw materials for another", but this answer is saying that industrial ecosystems fail to produce enough manufactured goods.

    1% picked this

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