The pattern of reasoning in which

Answer choices

1. A

   Bad Match4% picked this

   The reason for requiring environmental reviews is to ensure that projected developments do not harm the natural environment. Currently, environmental concerns are less compelling

   This argument concludes that environmental reviews should be required, not that they shouldn't be waived. The original argument concludes against applying a measure (don't pass the ordinance). And there's no claim that applying environmental reviews would worsen the environment. Different shape.

   4%
2. B

   Correct80% picked this

   Insecticides are designed to protect crops against insect damage. Aphids damage tomato crops, but using insecticides against aphids kills wasps that prey on insecticide-resistant

   Why this is right

   Same shape. Insecticides have a stated purpose (protect crops from insect damage). The proposed measure (using insecticides against aphids) would, by killing the wasps, actually let insecticide-resistant pests cause more damage than aphids do. Net effect: applying the measure makes the situation worse on its own purpose (crop damage). Therefore the measure shouldn't be applied. That tracks the original exactly: an action backfires against its stated purpose, so don't take it.

   Skill tested: Parallel · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

   80%
3. C

   Bad Match3% picked this

   The purpose of compulsory vaccination for schoolchildren was to protect both the children themselves and others in the community against smallpox. Smallpox was indeed

   This argument says vaccinations shouldn't happen because the purpose is no longer relevant (smallpox is eliminated). The original argument doesn't say the purpose is irrelevant — protecting children from danger is still very relevant. The original argues against an action because applying it would worsen the purpose. (C) argues that the purpose is moot. Different.

   3%
4. D

   Bad Match1% picked this

   The function of a sealer on wood siding is to retard deterioration caused by weather. However, cedar is a wood that is naturally resistant

   This argument concludes against the measure because the purpose is already taken care of (cedar is already weather-resistant, so it doesn't need a sealer). That's "the purpose is already met," not "the measure backfires against its purpose." Different.

   1%
5. E

   Bad Match13% picked this

   Traffic patterns that involve one-way streets are meant to accelerate the flow of traffic in otherwise congested areas. However, it would be detrimental to

   This argument rejects the measure because the purpose itself (faster traffic) would harm the South Main Street area. The original argument keeps the purpose as good (protecting children) — it rejects the measure because the measure backfires against that good purpose. (E) rejects the purpose; the original rejects the means. Different structure.

   13%