Reading ComprehensionDifficulty: Easy

PT113 S1 P1 Q4 Explanation

Jury Unanimity

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Reading Comprehension question.

TopicsAdd to the PassageLaw

Keep going in LSAT Lab

  • Save & drill this skill build targeted practice sets from questions like this one

  • Video walkthroughs watch every question solved step by step

  • 81 official LSATs as questions, timed sections & full-length tests

Full official LSAT questions are available through LawHub. This page provides LSAT Lab's explanation, strategy, and review tools without republishing the full official question.

Passage

The jury trial is one of the handful of democratic institutions that allow individual citizens, rather than the government, to make important societal decisions. A crucial component of the jury trial, at least in serious criminal cases, is the rule that verdicts be unanimous among the jurors (usually twelve in number). Under so that one or even two dissenting jurors will not be able to force a retrial.

But the material costs of hung juries do not warrant losing the benefit to society of the unanimous verdict. Statistically, jury trials are relatively rare; the vast majority of defendants do not have the option of a jury trial or elect to have a trial without a jury—or they plead guilty to may sometimes lead to inconclusive outcomes, a hung jury is certainly preferable to an unjust verdict.

Requiring unanimity provides a better chance that a trial, and thus a verdict, will be fair. Innocent people are already occasionally convicted—perhaps in some cases because jurors presume that anyone who has been brought to trial is probably guilty—and eliminating the unanimity requirement would only increase the opportunity for such mistakes. Furthermore, dismissed out of hand, society’s confidence that a proper verdict has been reached would be undermined.

What this question is testing

Add to the Passage

Topic

The author is taking a side in an argument: should we keep requiring all 12 jurors to agree before a serious criminal verdict, or relax that?

Framework

Present Debate. The author lays out the critics' position and then argues against it.

Main Point

The simpler version: yes, requiring all 12 jurors to agree sometimes leads to hung juries and retrials, which are annoying. But the alternative is a system that's much more willing to convict innocent people. The author thinks the cost of unanimity is small and the benefit is huge — fewer wrongful convictions and more public trust in verdicts.

P1: The critics' complaint

Critics call unanimity a costly relic. One stubborn juror can blow up a verdict.

P2: First defense — the costs really are small

Hung juries are rare to begin with, and when they happen, the case is usually genuinely close. A hung jury isn't a failure — it's the system being honest about its uncertainty. And it's far better than getting it wrong.

P3: Second defense — fairness needs unanimity

Innocent people already get convicted sometimes. Loosen the rule and you get more of that. Real deliberation only happens when one juror's doubts can't just be brushed aside, and a verdict only represents the whole jury when everyone genuinely signs on.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
4.

Which one of the following sentences could most logically be added to the end of the last paragraph

Answer choices

  1. Out of Scope: separate tradition6% picked this

    It is not surprising, then, that the arguments presented by the critics of the unanimity requirement grow out of a separate tradition from

    This doesn't have any connective tissue to the previous sentence. It seems to just be circling back to the critics in the 1st paragraph and other-ing them. "They're not even part of our legal tradition, guys! Let's get 'em!" We never talked about any legal tradition in the passage, so this is pretty out there.

  2. Too Wishy-Washy8% picked this

    Similarly, if there is a public debate concerning the unanimity requirement, public faith in the

    This seems somewhat tempting, since "public debate" seems similar to "jury deliberation" from the previous two sentences. But, in the previous two sentences, the author is endorsing the idea that we need a unanimous decision from the jury in order for public faith in the verdict to be strong. Would the author think that similarly we need a unanimous decision from the public in order for public faith in the requirement to be strengthened? The author is convinced of the rightness of the unanimity requirement. Opening up that subject for public debate represents retreating from the author's point of view, from her conviction that the costs of the unanimity requirement do not warrant losing it. She wrote this passage to shut down the debate of critics who are asking if we should get rid of it.

  3. Correct84% picked this

    The opinion of each juror is as essential to the pursuit of justice as the universal vote is to the

    Why this is right

    This has some clear tie-in to the preceding two sentences, since it's emphasizing the need to give fair hearing to each juror's opinion. It also has strong language, which makes it sound kind of corny and not likely to be right. But is the author convinced we should keep the unanimity requirement? Yes. So would this serve her rhetorical purposes as an ending sentence? Yes. Why are we talking about voting / democracy? Good question. It's actually a bookend to the first sentence of the passage, in which the author connects the jury trial to "the handful of ways that allow individual citizens, rather than the government, to make important societal decisions". There's no reason we'd predict an ending like this, but it conforms to the author's rhetorical purposes. It's bothersome how the extreme tone of it doesn't sound much like this author, but LSAC would argue that all the other choices are worse.

    Skill tested: Add to the Passage · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

  4. Too Strong: integrity of entire system2% picked this

    Unfortunately, because some lawmakers have characterized hung juries as intolerable, the integrity of the entire legal

    The author is more likely to end this passage with a, "As you can see, the unanimity requirement rules. Peace out." than this, "as you can see, the critics have jeopardized the integrity of the entire legal system".

  5. Weakens Author's Position1% picked this

    But even without the unanimity requirement, fair trials and fair verdicts will occur more frequently as the methods of prosecutors and

    This goes even farther than (B) in retreating from the author's position. The author wrote this passage to defend the unanimity requirement. We want the answer we pick to leave us with that taste in our mouths. This answer would make it sound like the author was dithering on the issue, "I know I just spent a couple paragraphs defending it, but even if we ditch unanimity ... "

Continue the review in LSAT Lab

Save this question, watch the video walkthrough, and drill similar questions in your LSAT Lab account.

LSAT Lab

Turn this review into a targeted study plan.

Save this question, drill more like it, watch the video walkthrough, and track your progress in your LSAT Lab account.

Start practicing free