Logical Reasoning

PT112 · S1 · Q9 Raisins are made by drying grapes

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Raisins are made by drying grapes in the sun.

Given that ...

Raisins are made from grapes, and nothing is added in the process,

Why is it that ...

Raisins contain more iron per calorie than do grapes?

Evaluate

There must be something about the process of going from a grape to a raisin that increases the iron per calorie.

A ratio like Iron/Calorie can be increased two ways: increase the numerator (add more iron) or decrease the denominator (subtract calories).

The facts we're provided about the process of going from grape to raisin are these: - some sugar is caramelized - nothing is added - water evaporates (but water contains no calories)

Goal

Since there's no way to add more iron, we want an answer to talk to us about how going from a grape to a raisin sheds calories.

9.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain why raisins contain more iron per calorie than do grapes?

  1. Since grapes are bigger than

    Reinforces Surprise

    This reinforces the fact that raisins are more iron-rich than grapes (you'd only need a handful of raisins to get the same iron you'd get out of eating several bunches of grapes). But it doesn't explain why raisins are more iron-rich than grapes.

    22% picked this

  2. Correct

    Caramelized sugar cannot be digested,

    Why this is right

    This is offering us a story of how a grape sheds calories en route to being a raisin. The grape had 20mg of iron and 10 calories. 2 mg iron per calorie The raisin keeps that 20mg of iron. "The only thing removed from the grapes is water". But the sugar in the grape caramelizes as it becomes a raisin. And when we measure how many calories something has, we don't count calories in caramelized sugar (because the body can't digest it). So when we measure the raisin that formed from that 10 calorie grape, we get a number lower than 10. Some of the grape's 10 calories were from sugar. When that sugar caramelized, then those sugar-calories stop being counted. If there were 3 calories from the sugar, then now that the grape has caramelized into a raisin, that 10 calorie grape will only be a 7 calorie raisin. And if the raisin has 20mg of iron and is only 7 calories, then it's close to being 3 mg iron per capita. So this answer allows us to explain why a raisin made from a given grape can have more iron per calorie than the grape, even though no iron is added and only water is removed.

    Skill tested: Paradox · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    65% picked this

  3. The body can absorb iron

    Out of Scope: rate of absorption

    We're trying to explain why a raisin has more iron per calorie than the grape it formed from. The paradox is only about the chemistry of the grape/raisin. It has nothing to do with organisms that consume grapes or raisins. So it's irrelevant how a grape or raisin interacts with a human body.

    7% picked this

  4. Raisins, but not grapes, are

    Reinforces Surprise

    This reinforces the fact that raisins are more iron-rich than grapes (people get more of their yearly iron from raisins than from grapes). But it doesn't explain why raisins are more iron-rich than grapes.

    1% picked this

  5. Raisins are often eaten in

    Out of Scope: accompanying foods

    We're trying to explain why a raisin has more iron per calorie than the grape from which it was formed. The paradox is only about the chemistry of the grape/raisin. It has nothing to do with any other foods you might later mix with raisins or grapes. This answer feels like a correct answer, because it feels like we're offering an alternate explanation for why raisins seem to have more iron than grapes. ("It's not because raisins are inherently more iron-heavy, it's just that they're eaten with other foods that supply iron.") But we are accepting as a given the fact that raising are more iron-heavy than grapes. We need to explain why they are so.

    4% picked this

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