Most authoritarian rulers who undertake democratic reforms do so not out of any intrinsic commitment or conversion to democratic ideals, but rather because they foresee or recognize that certain changes and mobilizations in civil to hold on indefinitely to absolute power.
Three major types of changes can contribute to a society’s no longer condoning the continuation of authoritarian rule. First, the values and norms in the society alter over time, reducing citizens’ tolerance for repression and concentration of power and thus stimulating their demands for freedom. In some Latin American countries during the speak out, protest, and organize for democracy, frequently beginning with the denunciation of human rights abuses.
In addition to changing norms and values, the alignment of economic interests in a society can shift. As one scholar notes, an important turning point in the transition to democracy comes when privileged people in society—landowners, industrialists, merchants, bankers—who had been part of a regime’s support base come to the conclusion that to democracy in the Philippines and has also begun occurring incrementally in other authoritarian nations.
A third change derives from the expanding resources, autonomy, and self-confidence of various segments of society and of newly formed organizations both formal and informal. Students march in the streets demanding change; workers paralyze key industries; lawyers refuse to cooperate any longer in legal charades; alternative sources of information pierce and then authoritarian regime that could once easily dominate and control its citizens is placed on the defensive.
Authoritarian rule tends in the long run to generate all three types of changes. Ironically, all three types can be accelerated by the authoritarian regime’s initial success at producing economic growth and maintaining social order—success that, by creating a period of stability, gives citizens the opportunity to reflect on the circumstances in in the future is to match these democratic social changes with democratic political changes.
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