Reading Comprehension

PT104 · S2 · P1 · Q2 Miles Davis

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The career of trumpeter Miles Davis was one of the most astonishingly productive that jazz music has ever seen.

Topic

Miles Davis's career

Frameworks

Theme / Example, Highlight Something Noteworthy

Main Point

Davis's career was incredibly productive and under-appreciated, both due in part to how many stylistic evolutions Davis went through over the years.

P1 - Thesis

We might have alternatively thought of this passage with a "Theme / Example" framework, since this first paragraph really lays out the overarching theme that the rest of the paragraphs unpack: a lot of zigzags.

P2 - First Stylistic Zigzag

Davis starts as bebop but then develops "cool jazz" (slower tempos and less soloing).

P3 - Second Stylistic Zigzag

Davis breaks free from chord patterns and seeks a more open, unified sound like that of orchestral pieces. Soloists have less constraints.

P4 - Third Stylistic Zigzag

Davis starts taking on more conventions of rock music -- electrified instruments and a cut-and-paste recording process that's a violation of the norms of jazz. He takes some heat from the critics.

P5 - Author's Causal Explanation

Here the author tries to explain why Davis was frequently maligned by contemporary critics and thus has not received his proper due as the genius he was -- critics are afraid when artists broaden possibilities or defy genre categorization (as apparently they rely on those things to do their jobs).

2.

According to the passage, which one of the following is true of the "West Coast cool" jazz style?

  1. It was popularized by Miles

    Too Strong: popularized

    Miles's NYC group was the seedbed for what would grow into the "West Coast cool" style. But we have no idea if he ever had a popular song in West Coast style. But the person/group who popularized a style of music means the person who first had a hit song on the radio in that style. Cher / Kanye West, each in their own way, popularized the use of auto-tune on pop vocals. But they may have seen someone else do that and copied it. That other person would be the seedbed, and they would be the popularizer.

    5% picked this

  2. It was characterized by a

    Not in Support Window

    "Unified / integrated" sound doesn't match either of our available details. - slowed down tempos - ensemble playing was at least as common as solos (in bebop, solos took up more time than ensemble playing).

    6% picked this

  3. It was played primarily by

    # of members vs. Quantity of airtime

    Our second detail was that "ensemble playing was at least as common as solos". That's saying, "In a 4 minute song, at least 2 minutes of it would be dedicated to ensemble playing". This answer is talking about the size of the ensembles: was it a 4-piece band, a 6-piece, an 8-piece?

    8% picked this

  4. It introduced a wide variety

    Not in Support Window

    "chord change patterns" doesn't match either of our available details. - slowed down tempos - ensemble playing was at least as common as solos

    6% picked this

  5. Correct

    It grew out of innovations

    Why this is right

    This answer ends up not being about the musical style itself, but we can derive this by combining claims from the 2nd paragraph. We know that Miles's NYC band was the seedbed for West Coast cool, so we can support that West Coast cool grew out of what Miles did in New York City. Was what Miles did "innovative"? Yes, it's characterized as "the first of many surprises" / "a musical think thank" / "contrasting bebop", so we can support that it was a new thing.

    Skill tested: Locate Detail · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

    75% picked this

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