Logical Reasoning

PT103 · S1 · Q6 Videocassette recorders (VCRs)

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Logical Reasoning question.

  • Save & drill this skill build targeted practice sets from questions like this one

  • Video walkthroughs watch every question solved step by step

  • 81 official LSATs as questions, timed sections & full-length tests

Videocassette recorders (VCRs) enable people to watch movies at home on videotape.

Conclusion (therefore)

Owning a VCR actually stimulates people to go to movie theaters more often than they otherwise would.

Evidence

VCRs enable people to watch movies at home on videotape. People who own VCRs go to movie theaters more often than do people who do not own VCRs.

Evaluate

This is one of those old-test problems that hasn't aged well. If you're old enough to remember DVD's that's basically the same as VCR's. It was before the age of streaming media.

Ultimately we can reduce this whole argument down to its classic LSAT formula just by noticing the type of claim made in the Evidence and the Conclusion.

The evidence is a correlation, signified by the language. People who are VCR owners are more likely to go to movie theaters than are people who are not VCR.

The conclusion is causal, signified by the causal verb stimulates. .

When an author presents a correlation between two things, X || Y the author always assumes one causes the other, X ⇢ Y while failing to consider reverse causality, it could be that Y ⇢ X or to consider that a 3rd factor accounts for both, it could be that Z ⇢ X and Y

Goal

Let's look for an answer pointing out the illegality of assuming that just because two things (VCR ownership and going to movie theaters) are correlated that a causal relationship exists between them.

Or look for an answer pointing out that they've failed to consider Reverse Causality: maybe people were big movie fans first and then they bought a VCR so that they could also watch movies at home.

Or look for an answer pointing out that they've failed to consider Third Factor: maybe if you're wealthy enough, then you can afford to go to the movies and can afford to buy a VCR and a home movie library.

6.

The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it

  1. concludes that a claim must

    Wrong Flaw

    This describes the famous Unproven vs. Proven False flaw, in which an author rebuts someone and instead of saying, "You failed to prove X", they go too far and say, "X is apparently false". This has no bearing whatsoever on this conversation. There isn't any opponent being rebutted. The argument does not conclude that a claim must be false, so that first mismatch is enough to bail from this.

    1% picked this

  2. cites, in support of the

    Wrong Flaw

    This describes the famous Self-Contradiction flaw, in which an author says something early on that contradicts something they say later. "Inconsistent" = contradictory Do any of these premises contradict each other? There's only two claims: - VCRs enable people to watch movies at home - People who own VCRs go to movie theaters more often than do people without VCRs Those claims do not contradict each other.

    2% picked this

  3. Correct

    fails to establish that the

    Why this is right

    This is one version of the famous Causal flaw (fails to consider 3rd factor). This is saying that the author fails to consider that we could explain this correlation between VCR ownership and going to the movies a different way. Rather than "going to movie theaters" being stimulated by "owning a VCR", it's possible that "owning a VCR" and "going to movie theaters more often" are both direct effects of some other factor ... being wealthy or being a fan of movies.

    Skill tested: Flaw · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    79% picked this

  4. takes a condition that by

    Wrong Flaw

    This describes the famous Necessary vs. Sufficient flaw, in which an author presents a conditional logic premise and then applies it in some illegal backwards or opposite fashion. There was no conditional logic premise here, so it can't be this flaw. Conversationally, there's no "condition that by itself guarantees the occurrence of a certain phenomenon", so we can bail from this answer at that point.

    10% picked this

  5. bases a broad claim about

    Wrong Flaw

    This describes the famous Sampling flaw, in which an author extrapolates from a sample that is too small to be trustworthy, unrepresentative, self-selecting or biased in some way. This conclusion is a broad claim about the behavior of people in general. Is the evidence a comparison between two groups that together include only a small proportion of people? Nope, the evidence is based on comparing literally everyone. Since the correlation deals with binary groups (people who own VCRs / people who don't own VCRs), every person in existence is covered in that comparison. You either own one or don't.

    7% picked this

Continue the review in LSAT Lab

Save this question, watch the video walkthrough, and drill similar questions in your LSAT Lab account.

LSAT Lab

Turn this review into a targeted study plan.

Save this question, drill more like it, watch the video walkthrough, and track your progress in your LSAT Lab account.

Start practicing free