Logical Reasoning

PT102 · S4 · Q17 Concerned citizen: The mayor, an

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Concerned citizen: The mayor, an outspoken critic of the proposed restoration of city hall, is right when he notes that the building is outdated, but that the restoration would be expensive at a time when the budget is already tight.

Conclusion

I respectfully disagree.

rephrase: The city should restore city hall.

Evidence

The mayor opposes restoration on financial grounds, saying we cannot afford it.

But the building is the last remaining link to the city's founding, and preserving a sense of municipal history is crucial to maintaining respect for the city government and its authority.

Evaluate

When we see rebuttal arguments on Flaw, we look out for Ad Hominem and Unproven vs. Proven False, but neither of those seems to be happening here.

However, does our author honestly grapple with the mayor's objection? The mayor said we can't afford to do the restoration because it would be expensive and the budget is very tight right now.

Our author is introducing reasons we'd want to restore city hall: it connects us to our founding days and preserves a sense if local history that helps maintain respect for our city government.

The mayor would probably say,

When the citizen says, , she's implying "we can't afford not to restore city hall".

Does she mean, "It's not financially possible to not-restore city hall?" No, that's illogical. Not-restoring city hall costs no money. So how would that be financially impossible? She must be saying "we can't afford not to" in some non-monetary way. Like, .

Goal

Since the mayor was saying "can't afford to restore" in the financial sense of budget limitations, whereas the citizen is responding to that by talking about a non-financial sense of "can't afford not to restore", we could accuse the author of committing the famous (but rare) Equivocation flaw.

She is definitely shifting the meaning of a key term in the argument.

17.

Which one of the following most accurately characterizes a flaw in the concerned citizen's argument?

  1. The argument is solely an

    Bad Description

    While the evidence does appeal to history, it's not in an emotional sense. There's a very practical consideration attached: preserving municipal history is crucial to maintaining respect for the government. Whether or not that reason is decisive, it is more than pure emotion. And "solely" is too strong.

    35% picked this

  2. Correct

    The argument ambiguously uses the

    Why this is right

    When we see a term in quotes, we think Equivocation. It's usually wrong, but we can pick this answer if we can define the different usages of the word in different ways. The mayor's "Can we afford to?" asks about financial capacity — do we have the budget? The citizen's "Can we afford not to?" asks about a different kind of capacity — can we accept the historical and civic loss? The citizen treats her rhetorical question as if it answered the mayor's, but the two questions use "afford" in different senses. Showing we cannot accept losing our history does not show that we have the money to spend on a restoration. So the response to the mayor's concern is flawed because it doesn't actually address the mayor's concern about the financial capacity to pull off this restoration.

    Skill tested: Flaw · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    62% picked this

  3. The argument inappropriately appeals to

    Inappropriate Appeals

    "Inappropriately appeals to the authority of the mayor" would mean the citizen is using the mayor as an authority figure to support her own view. She does not. She disagrees with the mayor and is arguing against him. There is no appeal to the mayor's authority.

    1% picked this

  4. The argument incorrectly presumes that

    Bad Description

    It seems like the mayor and the citizen both accept that the restoration would be expensive, so it doesn't make sense for us to come in and say that this would be an incorrect presumption. Furthermore, "presumes" means Necessary Assumption, so can we say that the citizen needs to assume that the restoration is expensive? No, why would she need that idea? That is a headwind she is trying to overcome, as she argues in favor of restoring city hall despite its expense. She would love for it to not be expensive; so she definitely doesn't need that idea to be true.

    1% picked this

  5. The argument inappropriately relies on

    Bad Description

    Wow, a third answer offering us some version of Inappropriate Appeals. "Outdated" and "luxury" are words from the mayor's case against restoration, not from the citizen's case for it. The citizen quotes them in summarizing the mayor's position. She does not rely on the emotional connotations of those words to support her own conclusion. If anything, she has to overcome them.

    1% picked this

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