Logical ReasoningDifficulty: Hard

PT102 S4 Q15 Explanation

The southern half of a certain

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Logical Reasoning question.

TopicsMust be False

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Stimulus

The southern half of a certain region of the earth was covered entirely by water during the Cretaceous period, the last 75 million years of the Mesozoic era, the era when dinosaurs roamed the earth. Dinosaurs lived only on land. Thus, plesiosaurs—swimming reptiles that lived during species of dinosaur lived throughout the entire Mesozoic era.

What this question is testing

Must be False

Your task

Break the argument into its conclusion and evidence, then do exactly what the question stem asks with that structure.

Common trap

Answers that sound relevant to the topic but don't connect to the argument's actual reasoning.

Winning move

Predict what a right answer must do, then test each choice against the conclusion-evidence gap.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
15.

If the statements in the passage are true, each of the following could

Answer choices

  1. Possible7% picked this

    Dinosaurs inhabited the northern half of the region throughout the entire

    Dinos couldn't have been in the waterlogged southern half, but the north would be fine. It might have had some dry land where dinos could live.

  2. Possible9% picked this

    Plesiosaurs did not inhabit the southern half of the region during

    We know that Plesio's could have potentially inhabited the southern half, since it was covered by water and since they were swimmers. But it's also possible they lived elsewhere. We can't contradict that idea.

  3. Must Be True7% picked this

    Plesiosaurs did not inhabit the southern half of the region before

    We were actually told that Plesio's lived during the Cretaceous Period only! So prior to the Cretaceous Period (and afterwards), there were no plesiosaurs anywhere.

  4. Possible8% picked this

    Dinosaurs did not inhabit the northern half of the region during

    We don't have any idea if dinosaurs ever lived anywhere in this "certain region of the earth", so it's very possible they didn't inhabit the norther half of the region.

  5. Correct69% picked this

    Dinosaurs inhabited the southern half of the region throughout the entire

    Why this is right

    Yes, this is contradicted by the fact that during one part of the Mesozoic era, the Cretaceous Period, the southern half of the region was covered by water. Dinosaurs only lived on land. Thus dinosaurs could not have lived in the southern half of the region during the Cretaceous Period. Thus dinosaurs could not have lived in the southern half of the region throughout the entire Mesozoic era.

    Skill tested: Must be False · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

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