Logical Reasoning

PT102 · S4 · Q11 Taken together, some 2,000 stocks

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Taken together, some 2,000 stocks recommended on a popular television show over the course of the past 12 years by the show’s guests, most of whom are successful consultants for multibillion-dollar stock portfolios, performed less successfully than the market as a whole for this 12-year period.

Conclusion

No one should ever follow any recommendations by these so-called experts.

Evidence

Over the past 12 years, the guests on this TV show (most of whom are successful consultants for big portfolios) recommended a total of 2000 stocks which on average performed less successfully than the market as a whole for this 12 year period.

Evaluate

Since the 2000 stocks had a worse performance over the past 12 years than the market as a whole (f.e., the market grew in value by 8%, but these stocks only averaged a 6% return on investment), the author is assuming that these so-called experts don't know what they're doing and shouldn't be trusted.

To fight the argument, we don't have to establish much. Since their conclusion is so extreme, our refutation is very weak.

They say .

We'll prove them wrong by simply establishing that .

For example, maybe the stock advice they offered would have been bad (read: worse than the market overall) for most people, but it still might have been appropriate advice for an 85 year old investor. So maybe some people should follow their recommendations.

Or, maybe 1900 of the 2000 suggested stocks were poor recommendations, but 100 of them were great, so maybe people should follow some of their recommendations.

Or, maybe most of the experts were bad, but some of them made predictions that performed better than the market. In that case, maybe people should follow the recommendations of some of the experts.

Goal

Since this is Weaken EXCEPT, there are going to be four different ways to weaken the argument. Our author is being very polemical in saying .

Let's look for ways to accept the evidence that on the whole over the past 12 years this group's recommendations were not great, but find little openings where we can try to argue with the conclusion.

We either will want the answer to make an excuse for the poor performance of the stocks over the course of the 12 years (so that we can still plausibly argue that they are experts), or we'll want to find ways to argue SOME of the experts are good / SOME of the recommendations are good / SOME people would have benefited from this advice / etc.

11.

Each of the following, if true, weakens the argument EXCEPT:

  1. Taken together, the stocks recommended

    Weakens

    This allows to argue that "maybe some people should sometimes follow some of their advice" by telling us that recently, their picks seem to be outperforming the market. Maybe these investor were so wise and prescient that they recommended getting in on the ground floor of very small fledgling companies. Over the first 10 years of Amazon being in business, those stockholders probably saw no return on their investment (Amazon was still growing from operating out of someone's garage, to having a storage space, to having a warehouse and a few employees, etc.) At a certain point, once the company started raking it in, the wisdom of investing early would start to pay off (and by now it would have made those early investors crazy rich). So this answer is suggesting that long-term seeds the investors were planting are starting to come to fruition and bringing better-than-average returns. In a nutshell, it suggests that 12 years may be too narrow a slice of time by which to gauge the investments.

    6% picked this

  2. Taken together, the stocks recommended

    Weakens

    This allows to argue that "maybe some people should sometimes follow some of these experts' advice" by telling us that this stock advice is better than any other stock advice someone could receive. It hurts the author's idea that "clearly these so-called experts don't know what they're doing". Maybe something really confusing (like a pandemic) happened that made the stock market behave in an impossible to predict fashion. If the guests on this show managed to outperform any other means of picking stocks, then it doesn't sound like they have a lack of expertise.

    7% picked this

  3. Performance of the stocks recommended

    Weakens

    This hurts the argument by making the evidence feel like a very unfair comparison. It would be like ranking one nail salon over another one by comparing how many customers were served at one location to how many bottles of nail polish were sold at the other. The two metrics are too different to be directly compared. We'd have to ask follow-up questions to understand which one is really performing better, so it makes the author's one piece of evidence seem to have very unclear impact.

    15% picked this

  4. Correct

    Performance of the stocks recommended

    Why this is right

    This makes us feel better about the author's evidence. This answer makes the author's evidence seem more trustworthy. A number of independent experts were involved in tabulating the stock performances, and they concurred in their measurements. This answer actually strengthens the argument somewhat (the correct answer didn't need to strengthen; it only needed to not-weaken).

    Skill tested: Weaken · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

    62% picked this

  5. The stock portfolios for which

    Weakens

    This is suggesting that the guests on the show, who are consultants for multibillion-dollar portfolios, are indeed experts who are capable of outperforming the market. After all, the stock portfolios they work on for a living outperformed the market. Thus, the clients of these consultants are probably people who "should follow recommendations by these experts". How come the stocks on the show underperformed the market as a whole, whereas the stocks the guests managed for their consultant clients overperformed? We don't know for sure, but it could be that these experts aren't willing to give away their coveted wisdom for free on a popular TV show. They'll give the stock picks they feel less confidently in to the free audience and save the juicy secret lotto-ticket recommendations for the rich clients that pay them to manage their wealth. But this answer provides a data point that offsets the persuasiveness of the author's evidence. The author was like, "these experts suck --- look at the stocks they recommended on TV, which underperformed the market!" This answer responds, "hmmm, do they suck? --- look at the stocks they recommended to their clients. Those overperformed."

    10% picked this

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