Reading Comprehension

PT101 · S1 · P3 · Q19 Outcomes Analysis

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In recent years, scholars have begun to use social science tools to analyze court opinions.

Topic

The use of social science tools to analyze court opinions, especially in sex discrimination cases in higher education.

Framework

Challenge Position

Main Point

While it's helpful to apply social science methods to legal case analysis, simply counting legal outcomes (“outcomes analysis”) is not very useful for plaintiffs—better approaches go deeper to analyze the reasons behind verdicts and identify key success factors.

The Most Valuable Sentence appears at the start of the third paragraph:

P1: Social Science Tools in Legal Research—Promise and Critique

Recently, scholars have started using social science methods to study court opinions, criticizing traditional legal research for being too narrow or irrelevant. Some researchers (Zirkel and Schoenfeld) have shown that social science tools can help, but the author feels they go too far in believing that just tracking case outcomes (“outcomes analysis”) is genuinely useful.

P2: Flaws of Outcomes Analysis

The author explains why outcomes analysis (simply counting plaintiff wins and losses) isn’t actually helpful for prospective plaintiffs: people aren’t usually deterred by poor odds alone, and the unique factors of each case matter more than the raw win/loss numbers, which ignore situations where plaintiffs have strong evidence or procedural advantages.

P3: Better Ways to Apply Social Science—Process Analysis

Instead of just outcome counts, the author prefers methods that analyze the reasons behind case outcomes. Two approaches are described: “policy capturing” (identifying and analyzing key variables in opinions that predict outcomes), and a comprehensive review of transcript details to better understand what drives verdicts and what helps plaintiffs win. These methods provide much more practical information for both plaintiffs and defendants.

19.

The policy-capturing approach differs from the approach described in the last two sentences of the passage in that the latter approach

  1. makes use of detailed information

    Opposite, if anything

    We're not told that the latter approach looks at more cases. Common sense would suggest, though, that the latter approach would make it through a smaller number of cases. It's easier to scan a judge's opinion (5-20 pages?) than it is to scan the complete transcript of a court case (100's of pages?)

    26% picked this

  2. focuses more directly on issues

    Not a Difference

    Both approaches were trying to determine the most salient variables, the ones that best predict success / failure, which is the #1 issue of concern to litigants.

    15% picked this

  3. analyzes information that is more

    Out of Scope: more recent info

    Nothing in those last two sentences mentions anything about more recent info or more current trends.

    9% picked this

  4. Correct

    allows assessment of aspects of

    Why this is right

    This latter approach involves reading the complete transcript of a case, whereas the policy-capturing approach involves the researcher reading the judge's opinion. So, yes, reading a complete transcript of the case (what each lawyer and witness said on every day the trial was in session) would allow you to consider stuff that didn't make it into the judge's opinion.

    Skill tested: Locate Detail · how this choice captures the passage's function is the move to repeat next time.

    48% picked this

  5. eliminates any distortion due to

    Out of Scope

    Out of Scope: bias Too Strong: eliminates any distortion The last two sentences don't talk at all about eliminating researcher bias.

    2% picked this

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