Logical ReasoningDifficulty: Medium

PT10 S1 Q17 Explanation

A contract, whether expressed or unexpressed

A free, expert breakdown of this official LSAT Logical Reasoning question.

TopicsFlaw

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Stimulus

A contract, whether expressed or unexpressed, exists when two parties engage with each other for the reciprocal transfer of benefits. Thus, in accepting support from public funds, an artist creates at least an unexpressed contract between himself or herself rightly expect to benefit from the artist’s work.

What this question is testing

Flaw

Conclusion

The author concludes that any artist receiving public money has implicitly entered a contract — and the public is entitled to benefit.

Evidence

The argument starts with a definition: a contract requires reciprocal (two-way) benefit. The artist receives public funds (one direction).

Evaluate

Watch the move carefully. The definition has two parts — both directions of benefit must already exist. The author shows only one direction (funds to the artist) and then declares the contract exists, using the contract's existence to argue for the other direction (benefit back to the public). But that's applying the definition to a case where only half the criteria are met.

Goal

The right answer will describe applying a definition to a situation that only partially conforms to it.

Reading along? Open the full official question in LawHub — we show a fragment here and keep the reasoning in our own words.

The question
17.

Which one of the following most accurately describes an error in reasoning

Answer choices

  1. Bad Description14% picked this

    attempting to justify a rule of conduct on the grounds that it confers benefits on all

    The argument doesn't justify a rule of conduct on the grounds that all parties benefit. It applies a definition (contract) to a situation. The flaw isn't about justifying behavior by mutual benefit — it's about misapplying the definition itself.

  2. Correct76% picked this

    concluding that a definition is fully applicable to a situation when it is known only that the situation

    Why this is right

    This describes the flaw. The definition of contract requires reciprocal (two-way) transfer of benefits. The situation, as described, conforms only partially: the artist receives funds, but no benefit yet flows the other way. The author treats the definition as fully applicable based on partial conformity, which is exactly the move described.

    Skill tested: Flaw · how this choice captures the argument's function is the move to repeat next time.

  3. Bad Description9% picked this

    speaking only in abstract terms about matters that involve contingencies and that must be judged

    The argument is general but the issue isn't abstraction. The flaw is the misapplication of a definition — not the use of abstract terms over case-by-case reasoning. Even at the abstract level the argument's logic fails.

  4. Bad Description1% picked this

    confusing the type of mental or emotional activity in which an individual can engage with the mental or emotional states that

    The argument doesn't conflate individual mental states with group mental states. It's about whether a contractual relationship exists — not about confusing types of mental activity.

  5. Bad Description0% picked this

    treating an issue that requires resolution through political processes as if it were merely a

    The argument doesn't treat a political issue as a matter of opinion. It applies a definitional concept (contract) to a fact pattern. There's no claim that political processes are being skipped or treated as merely subjective.

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